The Microplastics in Metro Manila Rivers: Characteristics, Sources, and Abatement

Tanchuling, Maria Antonia; Osorio, Ezra D.

doi:10.1007/698_2020_659

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In this case, only related studies that used similar quantification units (particles/m 3 for surface water; particles/kg of dry weight for sediment) for the abundance of microplastics were gathered as shown in Table 3. Even though these comparisons might be inaccurate because of the differences in the concerned particle size being studied, sampling methodologies, and time and date of sampling, these studies still provide the general overview of the microplastic pollution worldwide (Tanchuling and Osorio, 2020).…”

Section: Abundance Of Microplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics Occurrence in Surface Waters and Sediments in Five River Mouths of Manila Bay

Osorio

Tanchuling

Diola

2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Microplastics have been increasingly documented globally in numerous environmental compartments. However, little information exists in the Philippines despite the fact that the country is considered to be one of the largest contributors of plastics in oceans. This study, considered as one of the pioneering microplastic research, evaluated the abundance, distribution, and composition of microplastic pollution in the mouths of five rivers, namely Cañas, Meycauayan, Parañaque, Pasig and Tullahan, draining to Manila Bay. Surface water and sediments samples were collected, then passed through a stack of sieves with sizes from 2.36 mm at the top to 0.075 mm at the bottom. These samples were digested to remove organic matter, and salt solutions were added to allow the microplastics to float. Extracted particles were examined under a stereo microscope, and quantified and categorized into shape, size, color, and type. Results show that microplastics were present ubiquitously at all river mouths but with concentrations varying from 1,580 to 57,665 particles/m3 (surface water) and 386 to 1,357 particles/kg (dry sediment). Fragment was the most abundant shape, while white, blue, and transparent were the most prevalent colors. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed that polypropylene (PP), high and low-density polyethylene (high-density polyethylene and low-density polyethylene) and polystyrene were the main types of microplastics present in the river mouths.

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Section: Abundance Of Microplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics Occurrence in Surface Waters and Sediments in Five River Mouths of Manila Bay

Osorio

Tanchuling

Diola

2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Even the above comparisons might be inaccurate due to the differences in the studies' MPs size, sampling and analysis methodologies, sampling time, etc. These research studies still contribute to the general overview of MPs pollution in surface water in the world [57]. Thus, in this study, microplastics were found in all surface water samples from canals, rivers, and oceans.…”

Section: Abundance and Distribution Of Surface Water Mps From Canals ...mentioning

confidence: 63%

Characteristics of Microplastics and Their Affiliated PAHs in Surface Water in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

et al. 2022

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Microplastic pollution has become a worldwide concern. However, studies on the distribution of microplastics (MPs) from inland water to the ocean and their affiliated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are still limited in Vietnam. In this study, we investigated the distribution of MPs and PAHs associated with MPs in canals, Saigon River, and Can Gio Sea. MPs were found at all sites, with the highest average abundance of MPs being 104.17 ± 162.44 pieces/m3 in canals, followed by 2.08 ± 2.22 pieces/m3 in the sea, and 0.60 ± 0.38 pieces/m3 in the river. Fragment, fiber, and granule were three common shapes, and each shape was dominant in one sampling area. White was the most common MP color at all sites. A total of 13 polymers and co-polymers were confirmed, and polyethylene, polypropylene, and ethylene-vinyl acetate were the three dominant polymers. The total concentration of MPs-affiliated PAHs ranged from 232.71 to 6448.66, from 30.94 to 8940.99, and from 432.95 to 3267.88 ng/g in Can Gio sea, canals, and Saigon River, respectively. Petrogenic sources were suggested as a major source of PAHs associated with MPs in Can Gio Sea, whereas those found in Saigon River and canals were from both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources.

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“…Synthetic fibers usually emanate from effluent generated by fishing activities and the textile industry [7] . Fragments and foams are from plastic containers including single-use plastics such as bottles, cups, and food storage containers [91,92] , while pellets usually originate from cosmetic products and personal care items [93] . Films, for instance, are made from plastic bags and plastic packaging; however, because they are tiny and translucent, they readily shatter when exposed to sunlight, subsequently producing smaller film particles [94] .…”

Section: Different Shapes Of Microplastics In Southeast Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the presence of microplastics in environmental matrices within Southeast Asia: elucidating risk information through an analysis of microplastic characteristics such as size, shape, and type

Ali,

Khalid,

Razak

et al. 2024

Water Emerg Contam Nanoplastics

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Microplastics’ ecotoxicological potential in almost all ecosystems makes them a global environmental issue. This review evaluates Southeast Asian microplastic contamination data from 2013 to 2023. This evaluation examined 285 research publications from Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, mostly on sediment and water matrices. Based on their size, shape, polymer type, and potential risks from polymer hazards in Southeast Asian countries, this analysis assesses microplastic pollution in biota, sediment, water, and other environmental matrices. The majority of microplastics in this region are small (46%) and large (32%). Within the biota matrix, small microplastics (SMP) and large microplastics (LMP) dominated. Fibers predominated in all matrices, particularly the biota matrix. Polyethylene emerged as the most abundant polymer type (22%), found in all four matrices. Despite being less abundant, polyurethane and polyamide have high hazard scores, raising ecological concerns due to their detrimental effects on environmental matrices. According to the analyzed data, Southeast Asian countries face significant risks due to high levels of microplastic contamination in water, sediments, biota, and other matrices. However, there are noticeable discrepancies in Southeast Asian data, indicating progress in microplastic research, with most data coming from Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, and the Philippines and little information in the literature regarding microplastic contamination from East Timor, Laos, Brunei, Myanmar, and Cambodia.

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The Microplastics in Metro Manila Rivers: Characteristics, Sources, and Abatement

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Microplastics Occurrence in Surface Waters and Sediments in Five River Mouths of Manila Bay

Microplastics Occurrence in Surface Waters and Sediments in Five River Mouths of Manila Bay

Characteristics of Microplastics and Their Affiliated PAHs in Surface Water in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

A review on the presence of microplastics in environmental matrices within Southeast Asia: elucidating risk information through an analysis of microplastic characteristics such as size, shape, and type

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