“…1,2 However, many tooth-coloured restorations have been replaced because of secondary caries, which is responsible for 60% of all restoration replacements in typical dental practice. 3,4 One of the important causative factors in the development of secondary caries is the accumulation of dental biofilms adjacent to the margins of restorations, which causes dissolution of the adjacent tooth surfaces and finally shortens the serving life of the restorations. 5,6 If dental biofilms are allowed to remain on tooth surfaces or margins of restorations with the frequent consumption of a high carbohydrate diet, Streptococcus mutans, as a constituent of the biofilm community, will continue to synthesize extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and metabolize the sugars to organic acids.…”