The microflora of the obstructed bowel

Sykes, P A; Boulter, Kenneth H.; Schofield, Philip F.

doi:10.1002/bjs.1800630913

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…This operation increased the stability of the enzyme and allowed determinations to be made with short assay times (<30 min). Furthermore, because the growth of organisms did not exceed 106-107/ml in culture, a 10-fold increase in activity would be consistent with protease that might be secreted from 109-1010 organisms found in the blind loop syndrome (7,(31)(32)(33)(34). Proteolysis in the concentrated form did not increase after removal by dialysis of the concentrated salt resulting from lyophilization.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Bacteroides are often the predominant species in overgrowth areas (14,(33)(34)(35). The bacterial counts attained in the defined culture suspension approached but did not exceed actual documented counts from overgrowth areas.…”

Section: ±2mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The data represent the mean ofthree separate determinations. Inhibitors were added as described in Table III (14,(33)(34)(35)(36) (14,38), whereas lactobacilli and E. coli are more dependent on vitamin B12 for growth (39). Jonas et al (4) have shown in experimental blind loop syndrome that a protease is elaborated that releases maltase from the brush border.…”

Section: ±2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Secreted Bacteroides Proteases on Human Intestinal Brush Border Hydrolases

Riepe¹,

Goldstein²,

Alpers³

1980

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T Selected bacteroides species secreted various amounts of protease and glycosidase into their growth medium. Bacteroides vulgatus, distasonis, and ovatus secreted the most (31-60% of total). The secreted protease was similar in action to the protease within the organism, in that it had a broad pH optimum of 6-9, a Km app. for casein of 0.1 ,uM, and was inhibited by benzamidine, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DIFP), and by an elastase inhibitor, Ac(Ala)3AlaCH2Cl.Exposure of human brush border preparations to the secreted protease reduced maltase and sucrase activities; the reduction could be prevented by DIFP. In contrast, brush border alkaline phosphatase activity either did not change or increased after exposure to bacterial secretions. >90% inhibition of secreted glycosidase using EDTA and p-chloromercuribenzoic acid did not prevent the reduction of brush border maltase and sucrase activity, suggesting that glucosidases were not likely to be involved in the destruction of brush border enzymes. Moreover, the bacterial proteases caused only a small net release of active maltase or sucrase from the brush border. Most of the loss of activity was due to destruction of the enzyme. Proximal bowel fluid of three patients with overgrowth contained DIFP-inhibitable protease that destroyed sucrase in isolated brush borders. A Bacteroides species was isolated from each sample that secreted protease and destroyed brush border sucrase. We conclude that in bacterial overgrowth syndromes, brush border damage may occur from protease(s) secreted by Bacteroides.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: ±2mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: ±2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Secreted Bacteroides Proteases on Human Intestinal Brush Border Hydrolases

Riepe¹,

Goldstein²,

Alpers³

1980

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Neben vielen verschiedenen Ursachen ist beim Menschen das Nierenversagen eine weitere Ursache (Wrenn,1989 Bei der rektalen Untersuchung war neben der Obstipation häufig eine Dickdarmaufgasung zu palpieren. Fermentationsvorgänge bewirken die Gasbildung (Sykes et a|.,1976). Größere Mengen an Gas werden ber Pferden im Zusammenhang mit einem kompletten Darmverschluß bei Volvulus oder völliger Passagebehinderung B. Grevemever des groBen Kolons gesehen (Koch, 1980).…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Equine colon impaction

Grevemeyer¹

1996

PHK

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Equine Colon lmpaction lmpaction of the ascending colon was diagnosed in 51 ol 269 horses with colic in the last 2 1/2 years at the University ot l/unich. Of these 17 of the 51 horses (33%) were taken to surgery. An enterotomy was performed on 12 horses and in 4 horses the impaction was softend with a mixture of water and mineral oil which was directly infused into the center of the constipated colon intraoperatively. Non survivers were taken to necropsy. The physiology ot water absorption and s€cretion in the colon ol the horse are described. The eftects oforal laxatives are explained. To releave severe colonic impaction complicated by tympany surgery is indicated to soon permit normal passage of ingesta agarn.

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“…The distal ileum of pigs normally contains large amounts of Escherichia coli bacteria [7], and intestinal obstruction results in a tremendous proliferation of the bacterial flora [7][8][9][10]. Roscher et al [7] observed elevated levels of endotoxin in the systemic circulation on the second day of simple small bowel obstruction in pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endotoxin and Cytokine Release in Strangulation Obstruction and in Partial Occlusion of the Mesenteric Artery in Pigs

Fevang¹,

Øvrebø²,

Svanes³

et al. 1999

Eur Surg Res

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Background: The study was performed to determine if endotoxin or the cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are liberated from strangulated or partially ischemic small bowel. Methods: Strangulation obstruction was induced by elevating pressure in a gasket placed around a loop of ileum until venous pressure reached 50 mm Hg. Low arterial flow in a loop of ileum was produced by arterial clamping reducing blood flow by 70%. A proximal bowel loop was used for control. Arterial blood flow was measured by transit time flowmetry. Blood samples were collected before and after 30, 90 and 180 min of strangulation or clamping. Plasma levels of endotoxin and cytokines (TNF, IL-1 and IL-6) were measured by limulus amebocyte lysate test and bioassays, respectively. Results: Strangulation obstruction caused more extensive mucosal damage than arterial clamping. Strangulation was followed by markedly increased venous concentration and release of IL-6 in the strangulated loop. Partial arterial occlusion did not cause increased release of IL-6. Strangulation or partial clamping did not influence the concentration of endotoxin, IL-1 or TNF in intestinal venous blood. Conclusions: Strangulation obstruction causes increased release of IL-6 to intestinal venous blood. IL-6 levels did not increase after 70% reduction of arterial blood flow. The early IL-6 increase was not detected in systemic blood. Strangulation did not cause early changes in plasma levels of endotoxin, TNF or IL-1.

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The microflora of the obstructed bowel

Cited by 34 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of Secreted Bacteroides Proteases on Human Intestinal Brush Border Hydrolases

Effect of Secreted Bacteroides Proteases on Human Intestinal Brush Border Hydrolases

Equine colon impaction

Endotoxin and Cytokine Release in Strangulation Obstruction and in Partial Occlusion of the Mesenteric Artery in Pigs

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