The Microflora of Peat‐podzol Transitions

Holding, A. J.; Franklin, D. A.; Watling, Roy

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1965.tb01419.x

Cited by 41 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The relative proportion of bacterial PLFAs as well as the proportion of Gram-positive and Gram-negative PLFAs was higher in the minerotrophic fens than in the bog (I), and this result is in line with previous studies of sedge-dominated fens (Holding et al 1965, Borgå et al 1994. The dominance of mono-unsaturated PLFAs in surface layers of fen sites and the increasing amount of saturated PLFAs with depth probably reflects the presence of aerobic bacteria at the surface and anaerobic forms in deeper layers, as suggested by Sundh et al (1997).…”

Section: Total Communitysupporting

confidence: 82%

Aerobic carbon-cycle related microbial communities in boreal peatlands: responses to water-level drawdown

Peltoniemi¹

2010

Diss. For.

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Boreal peatlands represent a considerable portion of the global carbon (C) pool. These environments are vulnerable to changes in water level (WL), which can vary dramatically in response to climate or land-use change. Water-level drawdown (WLD) causes peatland drying and induces a vegetation change, which in turn affects the decomposition of soil organic matter and the release of greenhouse gases (CO 2 and CH 4 ) into the atmosphere. The objective of this thesis was to study the microbial communities related to the C cycle and their response to WLD in two boreal peatlands.The first study site (Lakkasuo) is a boreal peatland complex that was partly drained in 1961 to investigate the long-term effects of WLD, and includes three site types with different nutrient levels. At the same location, an experiment simulating the predicted effect of climate change was carried out in 2001 to study the short-term effects of WLD. The second study site (Suonukkasuo) is a boreal fen with a WL gradient caused by a groundwater extraction plant; the undisturbed fen grades into a pine-dominated peatland forest. Microbial communities were studied with phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, PCR-DGGE and multivariate analysis.Both sampling depth and site type had a strong impact on all microbial communities. In general, bacteria dominated the deeper layers of the nutrient-rich fen and the wettest surfaces of the nutrient-poor bog sites, whereas fungi seemed more abundant in the drier surfaces of the nutrient-poor bog. WLD clearly affected the microbial communities but the effect was dependent on site type. Fungi and Gram-negative bacteria seemed to benefit and actinobacteria to suffer from the WLD in the fens. The fungal and methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) community composition changed at all sites but the actinobacterial community response was apparent only in the nutrientrich fen after WLD.The actinobacterial response to WLD was minor compared to that of the fungal community. The response was greatest in the nutrient-rich fen and least in the nutrient-poor bog. Microbial communities became more similar among sites after long-term WLD. Litter quality had a large impact on community composition, whereas the effects of site type and WLD were relatively minor. The decomposition rate of fresh organic matter was influenced slightly by actinobacteria, but not at all by fungi. Overall, the results were in line with patterns of vegetation change in the study sites.Field respiration measurements in the northern fen indicated that short term WLD accelerates the decomposition of soil organic matter. In addition, a correlation between activity and certain fungal sequences indicated that community composition affects the decomposition of old organic matter in deeper layers of the peat profile. Fungal sequences were matched to taxa capable of utilizing a broad range of substrates. Most of the actinobacterial sequences could not be matched to characterized taxa in reference databases. WLD had a negative impact on CH 4 oxidation, especiall...

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Section: Total Communitysupporting

confidence: 82%

Aerobic carbon-cycle related microbial communities in boreal peatlands: responses to water-level drawdown

Peltoniemi¹

2010

Diss. For.

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“…Bacterial counts between log 10 5.5 to 7.7 g −1 (dw) are common in peatland surface of bogs (Given and Dickinson, 1975). Fungal populations were also in the range measured by others in natural ombrotrophic peatlands varying between log 10 4.0 to 6.1 g −1 (dw) (Holding et al, 1965;Collins et al, 1978). Fungal populations were low in all cases and possibly related to very acid pH (≤4) and ammonium concentration of peat.…”

Section: Microbial Modifications In Peatlandsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Vacuum-extraction of peatlands disturbs bacterial population and microbial biomass carbon

Croft

Rochefort

Beauchamp

2001

Applied Soil Ecology

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Knowledge concerning the microbial characteristics of natural and post-vacuum extracted ombrotrophic peatlands, as well as peatlands under restoration is limited. In one experiment, microbial comparisons of paired neighboring natural and post-vacuum peatlands in eastern Québec (Canada) were studied to assess the effects of peat mining on microbial indicators and nitrogen (N) cycling. Microbial counts, microbial biomass carbon (MB-C) and N mineralization were examined over two growing seasons. Also, in a second experiment, bio-indicators of the microbial status (microbial counts, MB-C and the quotient of MB-C to total carbon) of one peatland harboring natural, restored and post-vacuum extracted treatments were assessed sporadically over 6 years. The first experiment revealed that peat mining decreased populations of total bacteria, hemicellulolytic and cellulolytic microorganisms and MB-C, but increased peat ammonium content and N mineralization. The bacterial population was found to be lower in the post-vacuum extracted treatment than in natural treatment (control) and under restoration treatment, whereas the actinomycete population was higher in the post-vacuum extracted and restoration treatments than the natural one. Over the 6-year-time course experiment, the MB-C, total C and their quotient revealed a gradual increase in the peatland under restoration, but they remained similar in the post-vacuum extracted peatland treatment. This supports the concept that the total bacterial population and MB-C may be used as an ecological indicator to monitor major site disturbance using paired natural restored peatland. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

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“…The ability to utilize both inorganic and organic nitrogen might enhance the maintenance of bacilli in different soils (Mishustin and Mirsoeva 1968). The ability to form endospores may enable bacilli to survive in an inactive state in acid soils (Goodfellow et al 1968, Holding et al 1965). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular protease-producing actinomycetes and other bacteria in cultivated soil

Niskanen

Eklund

1986

AFSci

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Abstract. The occurrence and properties of extracellular protease-producing actinomycetes and other bacteria in cultivated soil were studied. Experimental soils consisted of three mineral soil samples and one Sphagnum peat sample from a greenhouse. The mineral soil samples represented arable, pasture and uncultivated soils.From experimental soils, 240 bacterial strains were isolated, 68 strains thereof were proteolytic. A greater number ofproteolytic strains originated from pasture soil than from the other soils. Actinomycetes accounted for 70 % of the proteolytic strains isolated from pasture soil.Several proteolytic bacteria were isolated also from peat, but only few of them were typical actinomycetes. Many strains with high extracellular protease activity proved to be fermentative bacilli.Production of oxidase enzymes, significant in the humification processes, occurred frequently among strains isolated from pasture soil and peat. The ability to produce dark raelanoid pigments was a frequently noted characteristic of the proteolytic actinomycetes.

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The Microflora of Peat‐podzol Transitions

Cited by 41 publications

References 19 publications

Aerobic carbon-cycle related microbial communities in boreal peatlands: responses to water-level drawdown

Aerobic carbon-cycle related microbial communities in boreal peatlands: responses to water-level drawdown

Vacuum-extraction of peatlands disturbs bacterial population and microbial biomass carbon

Extracellular protease-producing actinomycetes and other bacteria in cultivated soil

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