The microenvironment created by grafting rostral half-somites is mitogenic for neural crest cells.

Goldstein, Ronald S.; Teillet, Marie-Aimée; Kalcheim, Chaya

doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4476

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Our previous in vivo studies have demonstrated that, opposite a mesoderm composed exclusively of rostral halfsomites, there is a stimulation in the total number of NC cells that incorporate thymidine on embryonic day 3-4, as well as in the total number of cells that populate the nascent ganglia (19). We then put forward the hypotheses that the rostral somite grafts are (i) mitogenic to the NC cells that migrate through this mesoderm or (ii) provide the NC cells with a greater accessibility to neural tube-derived mitogen(s).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurotrophin 3 is a mitogen for cultured neural crest cells.

Kalcheim

Carmeli

Rosenthal

1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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162

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Neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) promotes the survival and induces neurite outgrowth from a subset of neural crest (NC) and placode-derived neurons. We now report that this growth factor regulates the proliferation of cultured NC progenitor cells grown in a serum-free defined medium. In cultures of somites containing NC cells at migratory stages, NT-3 promotes a 2-to 8.4-fold increase in the number of NC cells incorporating [3H]thymidine into nuclei and a 1.8-to 4.8-fold increase in NC cell number compared to controls without added factor. NT-3 also promoted, to a lesser extent, the proliferation of NC cells in homogeneous cultures established from NC clusters. In addition to its effect on NC cells, NT-3 was mitogenic to somite cells in the mixed NC/somite cultures. These data demonstrate that NT-3 can act directly on the NC cells. They also indicate that the response of NC cells to NT-3 may be modulated by the presence of somitic cells. We suggest that NT-3 may be one of the central nervous system-derived factors that mediate NC cell proliferation in vivo.The development of neural crest (NC) cells into dorsal root ganglia (DRG) is modulated by both the neural tube and the adjacent somitic mesoderm. The crucial role played by the central nervous system (CNS) primordium during the early phases of sensory ganglion development, originally proposed by Le Douarin (1), is now substantiated by three lines of evidence. First, back transplantation of peripheral ganglia into the migratory routes of NC cells has shown that only sensory ganglion cells from the donor embryos contributed to the development of neurons in the host DRG. Moreover, sensory neurons develop only in ganglia located in the proximity of the CNS (2, 3). Second, deprivation of contact between NC cells and the tube, achieved by neural tube removal after NC migration into the somite (4) or by interposing an impermeable membrane between the neural tube and the DRG anlagen (5), led to the selective death of the NC cells. Third, treatment of NC cells with specific neural tube-derived factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) stimulated their survival in vivo (5-7). Moreover, in culture, BDNF promoted the survival and differentiation of NC progenitors that become substance P-immunoreactive neurons (8). In a recent report, this last finding was confirmed and extended to show that the commitment of NC progenitors to the sensory fate is influenced by BDNF (9). The addition of bFGF to cultured NC cells was found to stimulate the survival, but not the proliferation, of a subpopulation of precursors with non-neuronal morphology (7), whose fate has not yet been determined.The somites, serially repetitive mesodermal structures located on both sides of the neural tube, determine the segmental organization of the peripheral nerves and ganglia (10-12). Whereas NC cells freely migrate into the rostral half of each somite, the caudal halves are inhibitory for NC migration (13-17). Replacement of the somites by a mesoder...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within a mesoderm composed of only rostral somitic halves, the volume, number of cells, and proliferative activity of DRG progenitors is significantly higher than in the contralaterally located normal ganglia (19). We have proposed two possible mechanisms to account for the effect of rostral somitic mesoderm on the sensory ganglia.…”

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confidence: 94%

Neurotrophin 3 is a mitogen for cultured neural crest cells.

Kalcheim

Carmeli

Rosenthal

1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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162

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“…The ganglia of peripheral nervous system derive from the neural crest, while the axial skeleton and the trunk and limb muscles derive from the somites. Since segmentation of neural crest is caused by the interaction between the neural crest and the somites (Rickmann et al, 1985;Goldstein et al, 1990), the segmentation of somites must play a fundamental role. Secondly, the cells from both tissues migrate from their early commitment sites to their final position where they differentiate to form the structures they are fated to.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three developmental compartments involved in rib formation

Aoyama¹,

Mizutani-Koseki²,

Koseki³

2005

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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When the thoracic somitic mesoderm was separated from the neural tube and the notochord with a piece of aluminum foil in two-day chick embryos, seven days after the operation ribs lacked their proximal part. The embryos were rescued by co-transplanting the notochord, the ventral half of neural tube, or QT6 cells transformed with Shh, on the somite side of the aluminum foil insert. Thus, proximal rib development depends on the notochord and the ventral neural tube, an effect which might be mediated through Shh secreted by these axial tissues. On the other hand, when the thoracic somitic mesoderm was separated from the surface ectoderm by a piece of polyethylene terephthalate film, the distal parts of the ribs were missing, suggesting that distal rib development depends on surface ectoderm. In these embryos, expression of Pax3 was weak and perturbed showing that the dermomyotome developed abnormally. It is not clear whether the development of distal rib is mediated by the dermomyotome, or the ectoderm. It has previously been shown that sternal rib development depends on lateral plate mesoderm. As to the distal rib, it is considered to be composed of two parts. Thus, the rib is composed of three developmental compartments, in agreement with a recently presented classification of somite derivatives as primaxial and abaxial.

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“…These include, most notably, the intersomitic space, as well as von Ebner's fissure between anterior and posterior sclerotome, and the various subdomains within the sclerotome (reviewed by Christ et al, 2004). Anterior sclerotome is less cell dense than posterior sclerotome (Christ et al, 2004), is mitogenic for dorsal root ganglia (Goldstein et al, 1990) and will undergo apoptosis in the absence of neural crest cells (see Christ et al, 2004). All of these segmentally restricted differences could have a morphological impact during gangliogenesis.…”

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Guidance of trunk neural crest migration requires neuropilin 2/semaphorin 3F signaling

et al. 2006

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In vertebrate embryos, neural crest cells migrate only through the anterior half of each somite while avoiding the posterior half. We demonstrate that neural crest cells express the receptor neuropilin 2 (Npn2), while its repulsive ligand semaphorin 3F (Sema3f) is restricted to the posterior-half somite. In Npn2 and Sema3f mutant mice, neural crest cells lose their segmental migration pattern and instead migrate as a uniform sheet, although somite polarity itself remains unchanged. Furthermore, Npn2 is cell autonomously required for neural crest cells to avoid Sema3f in vitro. These data show that Npn2/Sema3f signaling guides neural crest migration through the somite. Interestingly, neural crest cells still condense into segmentally arranged dorsal root ganglia in Npn2 nulls, suggesting that segmental neural crest migration and segmentation of the peripheral nervous system are separable processes.KEY WORDS: Trunk neural crest migration, Sclerotome, Neuropilin 2, Semaphorin 3F, Mouse, Chick Development 133, 99-106 doi:10.1242 DEVELOPMENT 100 performed in 50% formamide, 1.3ϫ SSC (pH 5), 5 mM EDTA, 50 g/ml yeast RNA, 0.2% Tween 20, 0.5% CHAPS and 50 g/ml heparin at 70°C. Embryos were washed twice in hybridization mix at 70°C, three times in wash solution I at 65°C, and antibody pre-treatment was performed in 100 mM maleic acid, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween (pH 7.5) with 2% Blocking Reagent (Boehringer Mannheim). Templates for digoxigenin-labeled antisense riboprobes were as follows: chick Npn2 (Gammill and BronnerFraser, 2002), mouse Npn2 (Giger et al., 2000), Sox10 (Kuhlbrodt et al., 1998), Sema3f (Giger et al., 2000), ephrinB2 (Wang and Anderson, 1997), Tbx18 (Kraus et al., 2001) and Uncx4.1 (Mansouri et al., 1997). Stained embryos were infiltrated with 5% sucrose, 15% sucrose and 7.5% gelatin in 15% sucrose, frozen in liquid nitrogen, sectioned at 20 M by cryostat (Microm) and mounted in permafluor (Thermo Electron Corporation). ImmunohistochemistryNeural crest cells with were stained with 1:50 anti-HNK-1 (American Type Culture; Tucker et al., 1984) followed by 1:400 anti-mouse-IgM-Rhodamine Red X (Jackson Immuno Research) or 1:2000 anti-p75 (Weskamp and Reichardt, 1991) followed by 1:400 anti-rabbit-Rhodamine Red X (Jackson Immuno Research). Sema3f spots were visualized using an anti-mouse IgG Alexa 488 secondary at 1:1000 (Molecular Probes). Unstained embryos were infiltrated with 5% sucrose, 15% sucrose and 7.5% gelatin in 15% sucrose, frozen in liquid nitrogen, sectioned at 15 M by cryostat (Microm) and degelatinized for 20 minutes at 42°C in PBS. Dorsal root ganglia were stained with 1:500 anti-TUJ1 (neuron specific class III ␤-tubulin; Babco) followed by 1:500 anti-mouse-Biotin (Jackson Immuno Research), and developed using the ABC-horseradish peroxidase kit (Vector Laboratories) and 0.1 mg/ml 3,3Ј-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB; Sigma) with 0.009% hydrogen peroxide according to the manufacturer's instructions. Conditioned medium293T cells were transfected with 24 g of AP-Sema3f (Giger et al., 2000) o...

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The microenvironment created by grafting rostral half-somites is mitogenic for neural crest cells.

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

Neurotrophin 3 is a mitogen for cultured neural crest cells.

Neurotrophin 3 is a mitogen for cultured neural crest cells.

Three developmental compartments involved in rib formation

Guidance of trunk neural crest migration requires neuropilin 2/semaphorin 3F signaling

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