The microbiota is a potential mediator of the crosstalk between γδ T cells and tumors

Abstract

γδ T cells are one of the immune cell types that express antigen receptors. γδ T cells are able to recognize pathogens or cancer cells independently of human leukocyte antigen restriction, which is an important feature of αβ T cells. Therefore, γδ T cells are considered the bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. These cells exhibit important roles in immune surveillance, exert immune defense against tumors and have become promising effector cells for cancer immunotherapy. However, in particular circumstances, the tumor microenvironment seems to render γδ T cells immunosuppressive and even tumor-promoting, emphasizing the importance of regulating γδ T functions in realizing their translation into practical cancer immunotherapy. In recent years, increasing evidence has demonstrated that the intratumoral and peritumoral microbiota can have complex effects on tumor immunology. Thus, understanding the role of microbiota in the crosstalk between γδ T cells and tumors will provide insights for developing adjuvant immunotherapy with precise regulation of tumor-related microbiota. In the present review, the effects of microbiota on γδ T cell receptor repertoire and the roles of microbiota in some common tumors will be discussed, with implications for future cancer therapy.

Oral Microbiota from Periodontitis Promote Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development via γδ T Cell Activation

“…The additional mechanistic insights of the interplay between the microbiota and γδ T cells remain to be exploited in the future. Shi et al discovered a close positive correlation between γδ T cells and the α diversity of the microbiota in the lungs of cancer patients ( 41 , 42 ). Wilharm et al found that ablation of γδ T cells alters the relative diversity of oral microbiota in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) B6 mice ( 43 ).…”