The microbiota and immune‐mediated diseases: Opportunities for therapeutic intervention

Fitzgibbon, Gillian; Mills, Kingston H. G.

doi:10.1002/eji.201948322

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Preclinical studies of probiotics are in progress but to date no randomized controlled trials of probiotics in patients with uveitis have been reported. However, the opportunities for such studies are becoming clearer ( 226 ).…”

Section: What Does the Gut–central Nervous System Axis Imply For Thermentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Privilege: The Microbiome and Uveitis

et al. 2021

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Immune privilege (IP), a term introduced to explain the unpredicted acceptance of allogeneic grafts by the eye and the brain, is considered a unique property of these tissues. However, immune responses are modified by the tissue in which they occur, most of which possess IP to some degree. The eye therefore displays a spectrum of IP because it comprises several tissues. IP as originally conceived can only apply to the retina as it contains few tissue-resident bone-marrow derived myeloid cells and is immunologically shielded by a sophisticated barrier – an inner vascular and an outer epithelial barrier at the retinal pigment epithelium. The vascular barrier comprises the vascular endothelium and the glia limitans. Immune cells do not cross the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) despite two-way transport of interstitial fluid, governed by tissue oncotic pressure. The BRB, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) mature in the neonatal period under signals from the expanding microbiome and by 18 months are fully established. However, the adult eye is susceptible to intraocular inflammation (uveitis; frequency ~200/100,000 population). Uveitis involving the retinal parenchyma (posterior uveitis, PU) breaches IP, while IP is essentially irrelevant in inflammation involving the ocular chambers, uveal tract and ocular coats (anterior/intermediate uveitis/sclerouveitis, AU). Infections cause ~50% cases of AU and PU but infection may also underlie the pathogenesis of immune-mediated “non-infectious” uveitis. Dysbiosis accompanies the commonest form, HLA-B27–associated AU, while latent infections underlie BRB breakdown in PU. This review considers the pathogenesis of uveitis in the context of IP, infection, environment, and the microbiome.

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Section: What Does the Gut–central Nervous System Axis Imply For Thermentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Privilege: The Microbiome and Uveitis

et al. 2021

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“…Microbiota refer to all micro-organisms in a certain environment, for example the human digestive system. It has been reported to vary among individuals, to influence host immune functionality and to be involved in immune-mediated disease pathology (75)(76)(77). The commonly used approaches to study microbiota include 16s rRNA sequencing and metagenomics sequencing.…”

Section: Digestive System Microbiota Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Omics Approaches in Immunological Research

et al. 2021

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The immune system plays a vital role in health and disease, and is regulated through a complex interactive network of many different immune cells and mediators. To understand the complexity of the immune system, we propose to apply a multi-omics approach in immunological research. This review provides a complete overview of available methodological approaches for the different omics data layers relevant for immunological research, including genetics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and cellomics. Thereafter, we describe the various methods for data analysis as well as how to integrate different layers of omics data. Finally, we discuss the possible applications of multi-omics studies and opportunities they provide for understanding the complex regulatory networks as well as immune variation in various immune-related diseases.

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“…It is well established that farm-like indoor microbiota protect children from asthma development [103]. Therefore, interventions targeting the microbiome during infancy are currently explored to prevent and to treat asthma [104, 105]; clinical applications of this concept are not yet available.…”

Section: Current and Potential Future Options Of Immune Modulation Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Modulation in Asthma: Current Concepts and Future Strategies

Lommatzsch¹

2020

Respiration

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Asthma treatment concepts have profoundly changed over the last 20 years, from standard therapeutic regimens for all patients with asthma towards individually tailored interventions targeting treatable traits ("precision medicine"). A precise and highly effective immune modulation with minimal adverse effects plays a central role in this new concept. Recently, there have been major advances in the treatment of asthma with immune-modulatory compounds. One example is the approval of several highly potent biologics for the treatment of severe asthma. New immune-modulatory strategies are expected to enter clinical practice in the future; these innovations will be especially important for patients with treatment-resistant asthma.

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The microbiota and immune‐mediated diseases: Opportunities for therapeutic intervention

Cited by 42 publications

References 133 publications

Immune Privilege: The Microbiome and Uveitis

Immune Privilege: The Microbiome and Uveitis

Multi-Omics Approaches in Immunological Research

Immune Modulation in Asthma: Current Concepts and Future Strategies

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