The microbiomes of deep-sea hydrothermal vents: distributed globally, shaped locally

Dick, Gregory J.

doi:10.1038/s41579-019-0160-2

Cited by 211 publications

(233 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the chimney wall covers the entire mixing zone, from the cold seawater (outer wall) to the end-member hot hydrothermal fluid (inner wall), hence covering a large range of temperature. Thus, hydrothermal chimneys harbor very diverse microbial communities due to the high thermal and chemical gradients, with abundances of thermophilic/hyperthermophylic anaerobic and lithoautotrophic species from Methanomicrobia, Archaeoglobi, Thermococci, Aquaficae, Deltaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Campylobacterota (Dick, 2019), as described in our samples Chem2008 and Chem2009. However, this habitat can occasionally be exposed to high temperature, as evidenced by the burned colonization module recovered in 2010.…”

Section: Microbial Community Response To the Magmatic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…These two habitat types sampled in this study, as well as the different colonized substrates (i.e., a sulfate/sulfur edifice, chimney), regarding the tholeitic-type basaltic glass (geomicrobiology modules) will generate differences in the microbial communities sampled for each site. Thus, hydrothermal chimneys harbor very diverse microbial communities due to the high thermal and chemical gradients, with abundances of thermophilic/hyperthermophylic anaerobic and lithoautotrophic species from Methanomicrobia, Archaeoglobi, Thermococci, Aquaficae, Deltaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Campylobacterota (Dick, 2019), as described in our samples Chem2008 and Chem2009. Despite the difference in sequencing method and the number of microbial sequences between the two samples, there are still differences within the recovered species.…”

Section: Microbial Community Response To the Magmatic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Within deep-sea hydrothermal fields, various habitats physically connected contain distinct microbial communities, shaped by both fluid chemistry and physical characteristics (i.e., temperature, fluid flows, etc) (Dick, 2019). Thus, the chimney wall covers the entire mixing zone, from the cold seawater (outer wall) to the end-member hot hydrothermal fluid (inner wall), hence covering a large range of temperature.…”

Section: Microbial Community Response To the Magmatic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison, the diffuse flow habitat, sampled through microbial colonizers, would support microbial communities distributed between thermophilic Campylobacterota, Aquificae, and Archaeoglobi using sulfur, hydrogen, and nitrate for lithoautotrophic growth and mesophilic, aerobic and mixotrophic Campylobacterota, and Gammaproteobacteria especially filamentous sulfur-oxidizer as Beggiatoa or Arcobacter (Dick, 2019), depending on the mixing rate between seawater and hydrothermal fluid, which will define the temperatures, the oxygen concentration, and energy sources available for microbial growth. The comparison of the microbial communities from LSTE1 and LSTE2 samples faces a major problem.…”

Section: Microbial Community Response To the Magmatic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prokaryote Communities at Active Chimney and In Situ Colonization Devices After a Magmatic Degassing Event (37°N MAR, EMSO‐Azores Deep‐Sea Observatory)

Rommevaux-Jestin

Henri

Degboe

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The mixing zone between high‐temperature hydrothermal fluids and seawater produces redox gradients, promoting the development of unique ecosystems based on chemotrophy. The structure of microbial communities depends on their environment, which can vary according to space and time. Hydrothermal circulation within the oceanic crust determines the chemical composition and flow of fluids, depending on underground events (earthquakes, volcanic episodes, etc.) and impacts the development of microbial communities. This link between hydrothermal vent communities and deep geological events is the focus of the present study, the first of its kind for slow‐spreading ridge. In this study, we present a unique set of multidisciplinary data collected from 2008 to 2011 on the Eiffel Tower hydrothermal site (Lucky Strike vent field, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, MAR). We benefit from continuous geophysical monitoring (temperature and seismicity) of the site, annual sampling of hydrothermal fluids (hot and diffuse) for geochemistry analyses, sampling of hydrothermal chimneys, and an in situ microbial colonization experiment over a year for microbial study. The high CO2 content and concentrations of major elements (Cl, Ca, and Si) and SO4 in the end‐member fluids collected in 2010 indicate that a magmatic degassing occurred between 2009 and 2010 under the Lucky Strike hydrothermal field. This is supported by the large temperature variations observed in March–April 2010. These magmatic CO2 inputs seem to have affected microbial communities colonizing the high‐temperature chimney, as well as the basalts in the more diffuse and mixed zone, promoting the development of thermophilic/anaerobic Archaea and Bacteria (Archaeoglobales, Nautiliales, and Nitratiruptoraceae).

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Section: Microbial Community Response To the Magmatic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Microbial Community Response To the Magmatic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Microbial Community Response To the Magmatic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbial Community Response To the Magmatic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prokaryote Communities at Active Chimney and In Situ Colonization Devices After a Magmatic Degassing Event (37°N MAR, EMSO‐Azores Deep‐Sea Observatory)

Rommevaux-Jestin

Henri

Degboe

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…Despite global sampling efforts (4,5), protist biogeography is still a complicated issue and endemism versus cosmopolitanism remain competing theories (6,7). Deep-sea water masses (8) and 40 hydrothermal vents have proven useful testing grounds for the relative roles of environmental selection and limited dispersal in shaping prokaryotic marine biogeography (9). Comparable studies on marine protists, however, remain sparse (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional oceanographic features and hydrothermal activity influence protist diversity and biogeography in the Okinawa Trough

Brisbin

Conover

Mitarai

2019

Preprint

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Microbial eukaryotes (protists) contribute substantially to ecological functioning in marine ecosystems, but factors shaping protist diversity, such as dispersal barriers and 15 environmental selection, remain difficult to parse. Deep-sea water masses, which form geographic barriers, and hydrothermal vents, which represent isolated productivity hotspots, are ideal opportunities for studying the effects of dispersal barriers and environmental selection on protist communities. The Okinawa Trough, a deep, back-arc spreading basin, contains distinct water masses in the northern and southern regions 20 and at least twenty-five active hydrothermal vents. In this study we used metabarcoding to characterize protist communities from fourteen stations spanning the length of the Okinawa Trough, including three hydrothermal vent sites. Significant differences in community by region and water mass were present, and protist communities in hydrothermally-influenced bottom-water were significantly different from communities in 25 other bottom waters. Amplicon sequence variants enriched at vent sites largely derived from cosmopolitan protists and many were identical to sequences recovered from other vents. However, a putatively symbiotic ciliate appeared endemic to Okinawa Trough vents. Results support the view that most protists are cosmopolitan opportunists, but moderate endemism exists. Furthermore, dispersal limitation in back-arc basins may 30 contribute to allopatric differentiation, especially if protists rely on endemic hosts.

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Piezophiles

Yayanos

2020

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Organisms functioning best at high pressures are known as piezophiles. Piezophilic microorganisms, the main topic here, have a growth rate ( k ) maximum at high pressure, are prominent inhabitants of the cold ocean and found in warmer high pressure regions such as the deep waters of the Mediterranean and Sulu Seas, deep‐sea hydrothermal vent environments, the depths of sea floor sediments and the subsurface of continents. A PTk ‐diagram shows values of k of a microorganism as a function of temperature ( T ) and pressure ( P ) either on a 3‐D surface or as isopleths on a 2‐D contour map and allows for comparing organisms from habitats of disparate temperatures and pressures. Laboratory studies of piezophilic eukaryotic organisms from the abyssal and hadal ocean are rare. At the present time, research on piezophilic prokaryotes offers the best opportunity for discovering adaptations for life in the deep sea, in deep‐earth environments and in extraterrestrial settings. Key Concepts Pressure is a force per unit area and at any given point in a fluid at rest is equal in every direction. High‐pressure habitats are found in the deep sea, beneath the sea floor and in the depths of continents. Collecting living organisms from extreme high‐pressure habitats requires specialised equipment. Laboratory study of organisms from high‐pressure habitats also requires specialised equipment. Temperature and pressure are two of the essential coordinate variables for describing a habitat or environment.

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The microbiomes of deep-sea hydrothermal vents: distributed globally, shaped locally

Cited by 211 publications

References 163 publications

Prokaryote Communities at Active Chimney and In Situ Colonization Devices After a Magmatic Degassing Event (37°N MAR, EMSO‐Azores Deep‐Sea Observatory)

Prokaryote Communities at Active Chimney and In Situ Colonization Devices After a Magmatic Degassing Event (37°N MAR, EMSO‐Azores Deep‐Sea Observatory)

Regional oceanographic features and hydrothermal activity influence protist diversity and biogeography in the Okinawa Trough

Piezophiles

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