The Microbiome in Periodontitis and Diabetes

Abstract

ObjectivesTo perform a comprehensive and integrative review of the available literature on the potential changes in the microbiome of healthy and individuals with diabetes under periodontal health and disease.Materials and MethodsThe review was conducted by two independent reviewers. Indexed electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched, including articles published in English and dated from 5 years ago until December 2021. A manual search also was performed to identify co-related articles. Following the removal of duplicates and eligibility criteria, the articles were included in tables for analysis and described in the manuscript.ResultsAccording to this review, diabetes mellitus was associated with significant changes in the subgingival and salivary microbiome, either in its association with periodontitis or in cases of periodontal health. In addition to affecting microbial diversity in terms of taxonomy, metagenomic studies have shown that this endocrine disorder may also be directly related to increased pathogenicity in the oral microbiome.ConclusionAlthough the reviewed studies demonstrate important differences in the subgingival and salivary microbiome composition because of diabetes mellitus, further studies are needed to clarify the real effects of hyperglycemia on oral microbial profiles and support new diagnostic approaches and innovative treatments.

Regeneração óssea guiada como forma de tratamento para periimplantite: Relato de caso

“…Em muitos casos, os pacientes experimentam uma redução significativa nos sintomas associados à periimplantite, como sangramento gengival, inflamação e mobilidade do implante, após o tratamento de regeneração óssea guiada. No entanto, é importante ressaltar que a manutenção da saúde bucal a longo prazo é fundamental para prevenir recorrências da periimplantite e garantir a estabilidade do implante dentário (Silva, et al, 2022;Tempesta et al,2022).…”

The oral microbiota and gestational diabetes mellitus

“…Similarly, periodontal bacteria, particularly anaerobic bacteria, benefit greatly from hyperglycemia ( 19 ). The high availability of glucose may support higher levels of saccharolytic bacteria, promoting the proliferation of fermenting species and creating a selective environmental pressure on glucose availability because the amounts of glucose in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum are similar ( 20 ). According to a study on mice, the oral bacterial makeup clearly changed as the animals developed diabetes, with higher amounts of Proteobacteria ( 21 ), which is consistent with the results shown here.…”

Efficacy of nonsurgical periodontal therapy affecting salivary biomarkers in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic periodontitis patients. An observational study

“…Furthermore, there is no significant mean difference in salivary total protein, amylase, and glucose levels between males and females in all periodontitis groups, there were minor quantitative differences pre and post periodontitis but no significant differences in salivary glucose levels, despite the fact that males had higher salivary glucose levels than females. 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 …”