The microbiome in pediatric oncology

Rotz, Seth J.; Dandoy, Christopher E.

doi:10.1002/cncr.33030

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(256 reference statements)

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“…The studies that addressed GM modifications during chemotherapy for childhood AL have identified antibiotics, immunosuppression, dietary changes and direct toxicity among the contributing factors to intestinal ecosystem alterations [20][21][22] (table 1). GM diversity decreases significantly after intensive induction and reinduction protocols, with a slight rebound in the time period after recovery from induction 23 .…”

Section: Gut Microbiome Modifications During Chemotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This aim could be achieved through several strategies, ranging from antibiotic stewardship to nutritional or probiotics-based approaches 47 . In the context of pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy for AL, probiotics have been employed to reduce chemotherapy-related side effects 22 . Probiotics, defined as 'live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host' 48 could remodel dysbiotic microbial communities to regain a healthy-like intestinal ecosystem.…”

Section: Gut Microbiome Modifications During Chemotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut microbiome in pediatric acute leukemia: from predisposition to cure

et al. 2021

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The gut microbiome (GM) has emerged as a key factor in the genesis and progression of many diseases. The intestinal bacterial composition is also able to influence treatment-related side effects and even efficacy of oncological therapies. Acute leukemia (AL) is the most common cancer among children and the most frequent cause of death from cancer during childhood. Outcome has improved considerably over the past four decades, with the current long-term survival for acute lymphoblastic leukemia being approximately 90%. However, several acute toxicities and long-term sequela are associated with the multimodal therapy-protocols applied in these patients. Specific GM configurations could contribute in the multistep developmental hypothesis for leukemogenesis. Moreover, GM alterations occur during the AL therapeutic course and are associated with treatment-related complications, especially during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The GM perturbation could last even after the removal of microbiome-modifying factors, like antibiotics, chemotherapeutic drugs or allo-immune reactions, contributing to several health-related issues in AL survivors. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the chronological changes of GM in children with AL, from predisposition to cure. The underpinning biological processes and the potential interventions to modulate the GM towards a potentially health-promoting configuration are also highlighted.

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Section: Gut Microbiome Modifications During Chemotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gut Microbiome Modifications During Chemotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome in pediatric acute leukemia: from predisposition to cure

et al. 2021

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“…Graft-versus-host disease, viral enteritis, and C. difficile were the main causes of diarrhea in pediatric patients who underwent HSCT. HSCT as well as chemotherapy may cause changes in the intestinal microbiome diversity [ 23 , 24 ]. However, though the positive rate of diarrhea pathogen was low in hematology disease group, critical pathogens such as Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and STEC were also detected considerably.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the BioFire Gastrointestinal Panel to Detect Diarrheal Pathogens in Pediatric Patients

Kim

Cho

et al. 2021

Diagnostics

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Infectious diarrhea is a global pediatric health concern; therefore, rapid and accurate detection of enteropathogens is vital. We evaluated the BioFire® FilmArray® Gastrointestinal (GI) Panel with that of comparator laboratory tests. Stool samples of pediatric patients with diarrhea were prospectively collected and tested. As a comparator method for bacteria, culture, conventional PCR for diarrheagenic E. coli, and Allplex GI-Bacteria(I) Assay were tested. For discrepancy analysis, BD MAX Enteric Bacterial Panel was used. As a comparator method for virus, BD MAX Enteric Virus Panel and immunochromatography was used and Allplex GI-Virus Assay was used for discrepancy analysis. The “true positive” was defined as culture-positive and/or positive results from more than two molecular tests. Of the 184 stool samples tested, 93 (50.5%) were true positive for 128 pathogens, and 31 (16.9%) were positive for multiple pathogens. The BioFire GI Panel detected 123 pathogens in 90 of samples. The BioFire GI Panel demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% for 12 targets and a specificity of >95% for 16 targets. The overall positive rate and multiple pathogen rate among patients in the group without underlying diseases were significantly higher than those in the group with hematologic disease (57.0% vs. 28.6% (p = 0.001) and 20.4% vs. 4.8% (p = 0.02), respectively). The BioFire GI Panel provides comprehensive results within 2 h and may be useful for the rapid identification of enteropathogens.

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“…Another possibility for modulation of the microbiome is the use of probiotics. Probiotics are defined as “isolated viable organisms administered to confer a health benefit on the host” [ 78 ], which can be taken up as part of the diet (e.g., yoghurt, kefir) or in capsules as medication [ 84 , 85 ]. For pediatric patients, only a few studies have been published to date investigating the effect of probiotics.…”

Section: Outlook: Modulation Of the Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiome in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Oldenburg

Rüchel

Gössling

2021

Cancers

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For almost 30 years, the term “holobiont” has referred to an ecological unit where a host (e.g., human) and all species living in or around it are considered together. The concept highlights the complex interactions between the host and the other species, which, if disturbed may lead to disease and premature aging. Specifically, the impact of microbiome alterations on the etiology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children is not fully understood, but has been the focus of much research in recent years. In ALL patients, significant reductions in microbiome diversity are already observable at disease onset. It remains unclear whether such alterations at diagnosis are etiologically linked with leukemogenesis or simply due to immunological alteration preceding ALL onset. Regardless, all chemotherapeutic treatment regimens severely affect the microbiome, accompanied by severe side effects, including mucositis, systemic inflammation, and infection. In particular, dominance of Enterococcaceae is predictive of infections during chemotherapy. Long-term dysbiosis, like depletion of Faecalibacterium, has been observed in ALL survivors. Modulation of the microbiome (e.g., by fecal microbiota transplant, probiotics, or prebiotics) is currently being researched for potential protective effects. Herein, we review the latest microbiome studies in pediatric ALL patients.

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The microbiome in pediatric oncology

Cited by 14 publications

References 107 publications

Gut microbiome in pediatric acute leukemia: from predisposition to cure

Gut microbiome in pediatric acute leukemia: from predisposition to cure

Evaluation of the BioFire Gastrointestinal Panel to Detect Diarrheal Pathogens in Pediatric Patients

The Microbiome in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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