The microbiome and rise of early-onset cancers: knowledge gaps and research opportunities

Mima, Kosuke; Hamada, Tsuyoshi; Inamura, Kentaro; Baba, Hideo; Ugai, Tomotaka; Ogino, Shuji

doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2269623

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 223 publications

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“…Evidence so far suggests that different types of diet, lifestyle, and environmental exposures alter the oral and gut microbiome[ 44 ]. The animal-based diet, the so-called Western diet, causes a shift in the dominant microflora and their metabolic activity, which can disturb the homeostasis of hydrogen sulfide concentration.…”

Section: Etiopathogenetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-onset gastrointestinal cancer: An epidemiological reality with great significance and implications

Triantafillidis,

Georgiou,

Konstadoulakis

et al. 2024

World J Gastrointest Oncol

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During the last few years, epidemiological data from many countries suggest that the incidence and prevalence of many cancers of the digestive system are shifting from the older to the younger ages, the so-called “early-onset cancer”. This is particularly evident in colorectal cancer and secondarily in other malignant digestive neoplasms, mainly stomach and in a lesser degree pancreas, and biliary tract. It should be emphasized that data concerning digestive neoplasms, except for those referring to the colon and stomach, could be characterized as rather insufficient. The exact magnitude of the shift in younger ages is expected to become clearer shortly, as long as relevant epidemiological data from many parts of the world would be available. The most important question concerns the etiology of this phenomenon, since its magnitude cannot be explained solely by the better diagnostic methodology and the preventive programs applied in many countries. The existing data support the assumption that a number of environmental factors may play a primary role in influencing carcinogenesis, sometimes from childhood. Changes that have appeared in the last decades related mainly to eating habits, consistency of gut microbiome and an increase of obese people interacting with genetic factors, ultimately favor the process of carcinogenesis. Even these factors however, are not entirely sufficient to explain the age-related changes in the frequency of digestive neoplasms. Studies of the individual effect of each of the already known factors or factors likely to be involved in the etiology of this phenomenon and studies using state-of-the-art technologies to accurately determine the degree of the population exposure to these factors are required. In this article, we attempt to describe the epidemiological data supporting the age-shifting of digestive malignancies and their possible pathogenesis. Finally, we propose some measures regarding the attitude of the scientific community to this alarming phenomenon.

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Section: Etiopathogenetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-onset gastrointestinal cancer: An epidemiological reality with great significance and implications

Triantafillidis,

Georgiou,

Konstadoulakis

et al. 2024

World J Gastrointest Oncol

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Analytical challenges in omics research on asthma and allergy: A National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases workshop

Bunyavanich,

Becker,

Altman

et al. 2024

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Drug repurposing for cancer therapy

Xia,

Sun,

Huang

et al. 2024

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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Cancer, a complex and multifactorial disease, presents a significant challenge to global health. Despite significant advances in surgical, radiotherapeutic and immunological approaches, which have improved cancer treatment outcomes, drug therapy continues to serve as a key therapeutic strategy. However, the clinical efficacy of drug therapy is often constrained by drug resistance and severe toxic side effects, and thus there remains a critical need to develop novel cancer therapeutics. One promising strategy that has received widespread attention in recent years is drug repurposing: the identification of new applications for existing, clinically approved drugs. Drug repurposing possesses several inherent advantages in the context of cancer treatment since repurposed drugs are typically cost-effective, proven to be safe, and can significantly expedite the drug development process due to their already established safety profiles. In light of this, the present review offers a comprehensive overview of the various methods employed in drug repurposing, specifically focusing on the repurposing of drugs to treat cancer. We describe the antitumor properties of candidate drugs, and discuss in detail how they target both the hallmarks of cancer in tumor cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment. In addition, we examine the innovative strategy of integrating drug repurposing with nanotechnology to enhance topical drug delivery. We also emphasize the critical role that repurposed drugs can play when used as part of a combination therapy regimen. To conclude, we outline the challenges associated with repurposing drugs and consider the future prospects of these repurposed drugs transitioning into clinical application.

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The microbiome and rise of early-onset cancers: knowledge gaps and research opportunities

Cited by 6 publications

References 223 publications

Early-onset gastrointestinal cancer: An epidemiological reality with great significance and implications

Early-onset gastrointestinal cancer: An epidemiological reality with great significance and implications

Analytical challenges in omics research on asthma and allergy: A National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases workshop

Drug repurposing for cancer therapy

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