The microbial ecology of<i>Escherichia coli</i>in the vertebrate gut

Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer; Pallen, Mark J.

doi:10.1093/femsre/fuac008

Cited by 55 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 315 publications

(316 reference statements)

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“…This study examined the role of oxygen in de novo acquisition of resistance by comparing resistance development under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In the human intestines, E. coli is exposed to anaerobic or micro-aerobic conditions [34]. Anaerobic growth may therefore be more natural than the aerobic conditions used in most experiments involving E. coli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of oxygen and oxidative stress on de novo acquisition of antibiotic resistance in E. coli and Lactobacillus lactis

Jonker

Teichmann

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Bacteria can acquire resistance through DNA mutations in response to exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of antibiotics. According to the radical-based theory, reactive oxygen species (ROS), a byproduct of the respiratory pathway, and oxidative stress caused by reactive metabolic byproducts, play a role in cell death as secondary killing mechanism. Results: To investigate whether oxygen and ROS affect de novoacquisition of antibiotic resistance, evolution of resistance was compared in E. coli wildtype and ΔoxyR strains under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Since Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) does not have an active electron transport chain (ETC) even in the presence of oxygen, and thus forms much less ROS, resistance development in L. lactis was to distinguish between oxygen and ROS. The resistance acquisition in E. coli wildtype under aerobic and anaerobic conditions did not differ much. However, the aerobically grown ΔoxyR strain gained resistance faster than the wildtype or anaerobic ΔoxyR. Inducing an ETC by adding heme increased the rate at which L. lactis acquired resistance. Whole genome sequencing identified crucial mutations involved in the acquisition of resistance. These mutations were specific for each antibiotic. The lexA mutation in ΔoxyR strain under aerobic conditions indicated that the SOS response was involved in resistance acquisition. Conclusions: The concept of hormesis can explain the beneficial effects of low levels of ROS and reactive metabolic byproducts, while high levels are lethal. DNA repair and mutagenesis may therefore expedite development of resistance. Taken together, the results suggest that oxygen as such barely affects resistance development. Nevertheless, non-lethal levels of ROS stimulate de novo acquisition of antibiotic resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of oxygen and oxidative stress on de novo acquisition of antibiotic resistance in E. coli and Lactobacillus lactis

Jonker

Teichmann

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…E. coli is a gram-negative genus, nonsporulating, facultative anaerobic bacterium that is mainly distributed in the gut of vertebrates. [14] Some E. coli can produce glycosidases involved in the transformation of exogenous substances, thereby producing their beneficial effects. For example, Han DH et al [15] have found that E. coli can produce β-glucuronidase to hydrolyze the glycosidic bond in baicalin, so as to produce baicalein.…”

Section: Gut Microbial Floramentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of gut microecology in the development of malignant tumors and its potential therapeutic application: A review

et al. 2023

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A microbial ecosystem is a complex community of multiple bacterial interactions. The potential role of gut microbiota in human health has already attracted the attention of many researchers. Dysregulation of the gut microbial community has been suggested to be closely associated with the progression of various chronic diseases. Malignant neoplasms represent a major global health burden and are now the leading cause of death. The formation of tumors is often thought to be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Recent research advances have indicated that multiple malignancies may also be attributed to the gut microbiota. In this review, we highlight the complex interactions between gut microbes and their metabolites, as well as the potential impact of gut microecology on the occurrence and development of tumors. In addition, potential strategies for targeted therapy of tumors using gut microecology are discussed. In the near future, intestinal microecology is likely to be used for early screening of tumors and subsequent clinical treatment.

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“…0.0347 20 = 2.00). Next, in the human gut, which is the habitat of E. coli , this bacterium is typically present in 10 6 colony forming units per gram of stool (Foster-Nyarko and Pallen 2022). A typical value for the amount of faeces in a human is one lb or 450 grams (Alexa Answers, Amazon, retrieved July 21, 2022).…”

Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lytic/Lysogenic Transition as a Life-History Switch

Roughgarden

2023

Preprint

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A critique of the delay-differential equation model of Cambell (1961) for the population dynamics of virulent phage and bacteria reveals the need for a new model. This paper introduces a new and simple model for the population dynamics of phage and bacteria that features infection of bacteria by Poisson sampling of viral particles from the environment and is developed in discrete time with a time step equal to the viral latency time Density-dependent burst size does not lead to virus-bacteria coexistence whereas density-dependent viral absorption onto the bacterial surface is sufficient to produce virulent virus-bacteria coexistence. The condition for transition from a lytic to lysogenic phase is derived as a ``switch function''. The virus switches from lytic to lysogenic when its population grows faster with prophage than with separate virions produced by lysis of the infected cell. The switch function predicts temperate viral-bacteria dynamics in several environmental scenarios including environmental enrichment leading to microbialization, fluctuating environmental conditions that promote horizontal gene transfer (HGT), and the integration of prophage-containing bacteria into the microbiome of a eukaryotic host forming a functionally integrated tripartite holobiont.

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The microbial ecology ofEscherichia coliin the vertebrate gut

Cited by 55 publications

References 315 publications

The influence of oxygen and oxidative stress on de novo acquisition of antibiotic resistance in E. coli and Lactobacillus lactis

The influence of oxygen and oxidative stress on de novo acquisition of antibiotic resistance in E. coli and Lactobacillus lactis

Influence of gut microecology in the development of malignant tumors and its potential therapeutic application: A review

Lytic/Lysogenic Transition as a Life-History Switch

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