The Microbead: A 0.009 mm<sup>3</sup> Implantable Wireless Neural Stimulator

Khalifa, Adam; Liu, Yuxin; Karimi, Yasha; Wang, Qihong; Eisape, Adebayo; Stanaćević, Milutin; Thakor, Nitish V.; Bao, Zhenan; Etienne‐Cummings, Ralph

doi:10.1109/tbcas.2019.2939014

Cited by 93 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…M 12 can be calculated using complete elliptic integrals of first and second kind K(k) and E(k) [43]: (17) where x and y are the spatial coordinates and d 12 is the distance between the coils. Another approach is to compute the value of the mutual inductance from the coil geometry and deriving the magnetic flux over a surface by superposing the effect of all the segments of the coil geometry, as in (18) [44]: [36] 2013, [37] * 2017, [38] 2019, [39] 2018, [40] 2018, [41] 2013, [42] IPT…”

Section: A Fundamental Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, for this system the PTE was not provided. Recently, Khalifa and collaborators designed and manufactured miniaturised and injectable neural stimulators [39], wirelessly supplied using on-chip inductors fabricated through 130-nm CMOS process. The receiver was a 300×300 µm 2 hexagonalshape PSC operating at a maximum distance of 6.6 mm and reaching a PDL of almost 55.5 µW with a PTE of 0.0019% at 1.18 GHz (Fig.…”

Section: B Ipt Links In Neural Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Miniaturised Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Neurostimulation: A Review

Barbruni

Ros

Demarchi

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

104

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Section: A Fundamental Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Ipt Links In Neural Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturised Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Neurostimulation: A Review

Barbruni

Ros

Demarchi

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

104

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“…Another challenge is the lowered overall system efficiency due to leaked current caused by the native oxide that is not thick enough, which needs to be solved by employing the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process. Hermetic biocompatible coating for the Microbead also remains to be designed and developed to make it more durable in harsh tissue environment [37].…”

Section: System Examples (State Of the Art)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…State-of-the-art free-floating millimeter-scale implantable neural interfaces: (a) Neural Dust[206], (b) Free-Floating Wireless Implantable Neural Recording (FF-WINeR) System-on-Chip (SoC)[95], (c) Empowering Next Generation Implantable Neural Interfaces (ENGINI)[97], (d) Neurograin[96], (e) Combined EM/IR recording system developed by University of Michigen and ETH Zurich[38] (f) The combined electrical/optical stimulator[207], (g) Free-Floating, Wirelessly powered, Implantable Optical Stimulation (FF-WIOS) device for untethered optogenetic neuromodulation[208], (h) Encapsulated neural interfacing and acquisition chip (ENIAC)[33], (i) Microbead[37].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Scaling Down of Free-Floating Implantable Neural Interfaces to Millimeter Scale

Yang

2020

IEEE Access

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Implantable neural interface devices are an emerging technology for continuous brain monitoring and brain-computer interface (BCI). Recording of electrical signals from neurons of interest has led to more efficient and personalized diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of neurological disorders. It facilitates the dynamic mapping of the whole brain, improving our understanding of the links between brain functions and behaviors. Stimulation of targeted nerves and neurons has been utilized as an effective therapy for Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, etc. It has also been developed as motor neuroprosthetic devices, improving the quality of life of many. Although initial designs were bulky, recent advances in semiconductor and nano-, micro-technology has enabled the miniaturization of such devices to the millimeter scale. Free-floating neural implants of miniature size are highly scalable to be distributed around the targeted region of interest more extensively. They are more clinically viable as they cause less disturbance to the body and induce less tissue immune response. However, these research efforts for scaling down have faced challenges resulted from decreasing the size of such implants, including issues pertaining to wireless powering, data communication, neural signal recording, and neural stimulation. Through extensive literature research and simulations, the limits and trade-offs regarding neural implant miniaturization are investigated and analyzed for each aspect of the challenges. State-of-the-art development and future trends for advanced neural interfaces are also explored. INDEX TERMS Implantable neural interface, neural signal recording and stimulation, wireless power transfer, millimeter size, free-floating neural probes.

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“…One vision of next generation electrical and chemical in vivo biointerfaces is the idea of an ensemble of implanted active microscale devices forming a smart body-internal wireless network for sensing and stimulation of the underlying biological circuits. One actively pursued concept for developing large-scale neural interfaces, including efforts in our laboratories, envisions ensembles of wireless autonomous microdevices spatially distributed in the brain [1][2][3][4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for large scale implantation of 3D microdevice ensembles into brain and soft tissue

Sigurdsson

Lee

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractWireless networks of implantable electronic sensors and actuators on the microscale (sub-mm) are being explored for monitoring and modulation of physiological activity for medical diagnostics and therapeutic purposes. Beyond the requirement of integrating multiple electronic or chemical functions within small device volumes, a key challenge is the development of high-throughput methods for implantation of large numbers of microdevices into soft tissues with minimal damage. To that end, we have developed a method for high-throughput implantation of ∼100-200 μm size devices which are here simulated by proxy microparticle ensembles. While generally applicable to subdermal tissue, our main focus and experimental testbed is the implantation of microparticles into the brain. The method deploys a scalable delivery tool composed of a 2-dimensional array of polyethylene glycol tipped microneedles which confine the microparticle payloads. Upon dissolution of the bioresorbable polyethylene glycol, the supporting array structure is retrieved and the microparticles remain embedded in the tissue, distributed spatially and geometrically according to the design of the microfabricated delivery tool. We first evaluated the method in an agarose testbed in terms of spatial precision and throughput for up to 1000 passive spherical and planar microparticles acting as proxy devices. We then performed the same evaluations of particles implanted into the rat cortex under acute conditions and assessed the tissue injury produced by our method of implantation under chronic conditions.

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The Microbead: A 0.009 mm³ Implantable Wireless Neural Stimulator

Cited by 93 publications

References 43 publications

Miniaturised Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Neurostimulation: A Review

Miniaturised Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Neurostimulation: A Review

Challenges in Scaling Down of Free-Floating Implantable Neural Interfaces to Millimeter Scale

A method for large scale implantation of 3D microdevice ensembles into brain and soft tissue

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The Microbead: A 0.009 mm3 Implantable Wireless Neural Stimulator

Cited by 93 publications

References 43 publications

Miniaturised Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Neurostimulation: A Review

Miniaturised Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Neurostimulation: A Review

Challenges in Scaling Down of Free-Floating Implantable Neural Interfaces to Millimeter Scale

A method for large scale implantation of 3D microdevice ensembles into brain and soft tissue

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Product

Resources

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The Microbead: A 0.009 mm³ Implantable Wireless Neural Stimulator