The Microalga Chlorella vulgaris as a Natural Bioenergetic System for Effective CO2 Mitigation—New Perspectives against Global Warming

Mountourakis, Fanourios; Papazi, Aikaterini; Kotzabasis, Kiriakos

doi:10.3390/sym13060997

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Exactly this phenomenon is observed in our experiment with Limnospira -containing gas vesicles ( Figure 4 ). Notwithstanding, PCV in hematocrit tubes has already been applied for overall estimates of algal biomass [ 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Biomass and Vitality of Microalgae for Monitoring Cultures: A Roadmap for Reliable Measurements

Schagerl

Siedler

Konopáčová

et al. 2022

Cells

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Estimating algal biomass is a prerequisite for monitoring growth of microalgae. Especially for large-scale production sites, the measurements must be robust, reliable, fast and easy to obtain. We compare the relevant parameters, discuss potential hurdles and provide recommendations to tackle these issues. The focus is on optical density and in vivo autofluorescence of chlorophyll, which have proven to be ideal candidates for monitoring purposes. Beyond biomass, cell vitality is also crucial for maintaining cultures. While maximizing biomass yield is often the primary consideration, some applications require adverse growth conditions for the synthesis of high-quality compounds. The non-invasive technique of pulse-amplified modulated (PAM) fluorescence measurements provides an ideal tool and is increasingly being employed due to ever more affordable devices. We compared three devices and studied the robustness of the dark fluorescence yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) at various cell densities. Although the so-called inner filter effects influence the fluorescence signal, the resulting Fv/Fm remain stable and robust over a wide range of cell densities due to mutual effects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Biomass and Vitality of Microalgae for Monitoring Cultures: A Roadmap for Reliable Measurements

Schagerl

Siedler

Konopáčová

et al. 2022

Cells

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“…However, these approaches entail higher energy consumption, construction, and operating costs [21,22]. In recent times, biological methods of CO 2 mitigation gained the attention of researchers due to the production of biomass energy during CO 2 fixation by photosynthetic processes [23,24]. Photosynthetic microorganisms such as microalgae have an efficiency of 10-50 times higher than terrestrial plants, with a CO2 fixation rate between 0.73 and 2.22 g L −1 day −1 [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Mitigation of Carbon Dioxide Using Desmodesmus sp. in the Custom-Designed Pilot-Scale Loop Photobioreactor

et al. 2021

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Today’s society is faced with many upfront challenges such as the energy crisis, water pollution, air pollution, and global warming. The greenhouse gases (GHGs) responsible for global warming include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (NOx), water vapor (H2O), and fluorinated gases. A fraction of the increased emissions of CO2 in the atmosphere is due to agricultural and municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems. There is a need for a sustainable solution which can degrade the pollutants and provide a technology-based solution. Hence, the present work deals with the custom design of a loop photobioreactor with 34 L of total volume used to handle different inlet CO2 concentrations (0.03%, 5%, and 10% (v/v)). The obtained values of biomass productivity and CO2 fixation rate include 0.185 ± 0.004 g L−1 d−1 and 0.333 ± 0.004 g L−1 d−1, respectively, at 10% (v/v) CO2 concentration and 0.084 ± 0.003 g L−1 d−1 and 0.155 ± 0.003 g L−1 d−1, respectively, at 5% (v/v) CO2 concentration. The biochemical compositions, such as carbohydrate, proteins, and lipid content, were estimated in the algal biomass produced from CO2 mitigation studies. The maximum carbohydrate, proteins, and lipid content were obtained as 20.7 ± 2.4%, 32.2 ± 2.5%, and 42 ± 1.0%, respectively, at 10% (v/v) CO2 concentration. Chlorophyll (Chl) a and b were determined in algal biomass as an algal physiological response. The results obtained in the present study are compared with the previous studies reported in the literature, which indicated the feasibility of the scale-up of the process for the source reduction of CO2 generated from waste management systems without significant change in productivity. The present work emphasizes the cross-disciplinary approach for the development of bio-mitigation of CO2 in the loop photobioreactor.

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“…За таких умов істотних відмінностей у біохімічному складі клітин мікроводоростей не спостерігали [9]. У роботах [36,41] показано, що допустима концентрація вуглекислого газу може варіювати від 14 до 100 %, хоча максимальний приріст спостерігали за концентрації 10 %. Для досягнення високої швидкості фіксації СО 2 з димових газів необхідні мікроводорості з високою толерантністю до них, саме тому увага приділена Chlorella vulgaris як одному з можливих видів [49].…”

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“…Зависока концентрація вуглекислого газу може знижувати ефективність фотосистеми ІІ і погіршувати активність карбоангідрази внаслідок закиснення середовища [24,45]. Підвищення рівня CO 2 знижує pH середовища з 6,8 (без додавання CO 2 ) до 5,2 (за обробки 60 % CO 2 ) [36]. Якщо зниження рН середовища не критичне, то з часом відбувається стабілізація рН унаслідок споживання кислих газів і накопичення біомаси мікроводоростей [24,36].…”

unclassified

“…Підвищення рівня CO 2 знижує pH середовища з 6,8 (без додавання CO 2 ) до 5,2 (за обробки 60 % CO 2 ) [36]. Якщо зниження рН середовища не критичне, то з часом відбувається стабілізація рН унаслідок споживання кислих газів і накопичення біомаси мікроводоростей [24,36]. Найбільший приріст біомаси відбувається за умов концентрації СО 2 в газовій суміші 1-10 %, проте інтенсивна короткочасна дія, навіть за концентрації 5 %, має токсичний вплив [24].…”

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The effect of gas emissions components on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae

Vdovychenko¹,

Golub²

2022

VLUBS

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The annual growth of environment anthropogenic impact, in particular, the increase of gaseous emissions amount leads to the need of their disposal. A promising solution for this problem may be the use of microalgae to absorb carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen and sulfur. It is important to determine the cultivation conditions for further establishment of rational parameters for the gaseous emissions disposal, which will increase the profitability of the process, reduce environmental pollution and obtain biomass for further use. The aim of the work is to analyze studies of the gaseous components impact on the growth and development of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. The task is to determine the effect of oxides of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and gaseous emissions on the growth and development of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. The typical composition of gaseous emissions from a coal-fired thermal power plant based on water vapor, oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, which can be assimilated by microalgae cells, is considered. Carbon dioxide in this mixture is 12±2 %, which is a rational concentration for growing biomass of adapted strains. However, when applying a high concentration of CO2 to the culture medium, it is necessary to stabilize the pH, because increasing the carbon dioxide content in the culture medium leads to acidification, while the consumption of CO2 by microalgae in photosynthesis increases the pH value. It is determined that nitrogen oxides, the main part of which is NO, in concentrations up to 100 ppm contribute to the accumulation of biomass and synthesis of nutrients in cells. It is necessary to reduce the concentration of sulfur oxides to 60–100 ppm and avoid their gradual accumulation, as this leads to acidification of the environment and cell death. When using Chlorella vulgaris to purify biogas from CO2 and H2S, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide should not exceed 100 ppm to eliminate its inhibitory effect on cell growth.

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The Microalga Chlorella vulgaris as a Natural Bioenergetic System for Effective CO2 Mitigation—New Perspectives against Global Warming

Cited by 22 publications

References 58 publications

Estimating Biomass and Vitality of Microalgae for Monitoring Cultures: A Roadmap for Reliable Measurements

Estimating Biomass and Vitality of Microalgae for Monitoring Cultures: A Roadmap for Reliable Measurements

Bio-Mitigation of Carbon Dioxide Using Desmodesmus sp. in the Custom-Designed Pilot-Scale Loop Photobioreactor

The effect of gas emissions components on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae

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