The MGM Grand Hotel Fire

Buerk, Charles A.; Batdorf, John W.; Cammack, Kirk V.; Ravenholt, Otto

doi:10.1001/archsurg.1982.01380290087015

Cited by 46 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Further, HEMS involvement in major incident management often involved multiple aircraft operating in uncontrolled air space, indicating insufficient air traffic control. 21 23 27 38 46 Future improvements in aviation traffic awareness systems, navigation and communication may mitigate the aviation risks. However, the emphasis should be on implementing procedures for multiple aircraft operations in uncontrolled air space.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilisation of helicopter emergency medical services in the early medical response to major incidents: a systematic literature review

et al. 2016

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ObjectiveThis systematic review identifies, describes and appraises the literature describing the utilisation of helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) in the early medical response to major incidents.SettingEarly prehospital phase of a major incident.DesignSystematic literature review performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cinahl, Bibsys Ask, Norart, Svemed and UpToDate were searched using phrases that combined HEMS and ‘major incidents’ to identify when and how HEMS was utilised. The identified studies were subjected to data extraction and appraisal.ResultsThe database search identified 4948 articles. Based on the title and abstract, the full text of 96 articles was obtained; of these, 37 articles were included in the review, and an additional five were identified by searching the reference lists of the 37 articles. HEMS was used to transport medical and rescue personnel to the incident and to transport patients to the hospital, especially when the infrastructure was damaged. Insufficient air traffic control, weather conditions, inadequate landing sites and failing communication were described as challenging in some incidents.ConclusionsHEMS was used mainly for patient treatment and to transport patients, personnel and equipment in the early medical management of major incidents, but the optimal utilisation of this specialised resource remains unclear. This review identified operational areas with improvement potential. A lack of systematic indexing, heterogeneous data reporting and weak methodological design, complicated the identification and comparison of incidents, and more systematic reporting is needed.Trial registration numberCRD42013004473.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilisation of helicopter emergency medical services in the early medical response to major incidents: a systematic literature review

et al. 2016

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“…Only seven articles mentioned a major incident or a disaster definition, all different in wording but with similar message: "an incident without enough resources". (3,106,(153)(154)(155)(156)(157) Data extrication and quality appraisal were conducted according to the a-priori published protocol. ( 139) None of the included articles contained all variables in the data extrication list.…”

Section: Paper I -Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were six articles with more than 1000 victims, five natural disasters and one hotel fire. (106,(158)(159)(160)(161)(162) The weather was mentioned in 18 of the articles, mainly relating to earthquakes (159,(163)(164)(165), hurricanes and flooding (158,(160)(161)(162)166), where HEMS were an added benefit due to damaged infrastructure. The KAMEDO-reports relating to the loss of the ferries Sleipner and Estonia described bad weather at sea where HEMS hoisted victims from the water and transported them ashore and to hospitals.…”

Section: Paper I -Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicopter emergency medical services in sudden-onset major incidents ; Patterns of use

Johnsen¹

2021

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Major incidents happen infrequently and challenge the health care system by demanding more resources than are readily available. Critically injured patients need rapid treatment and swift transport to the right hospital to prevent unnecessary death and disability. Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) are incorporated into emergency medical systems in Norway and other countries around the world. Anecdotally, HEMS have become integrated in the immediate management of sudden-onset major incidents and case reports depict that helicopters may play a key operational role. Although the amount of research on benefits and challenges of HEMS is rapidly growing, the optimal use in major incidents remains unanswered. The main aim of this thesis is to explore the use of HEMS in sudden- onset major incidents in a systematic way from different angles. The thesis focus on optimizing HEMS role in sudden-onset major incident management by sharing experiences for policy makers to improve major incident preparedness. This is done through four studies, a systematic review, a cross-sectional study, a Delphi study and a retrospective observational study. With these studies, we found that previous research published on HEMS role in sudden-onset major incident management are mainly case reports and that little systematic research has been done. In the cross-sectional study and the retrospective observational studies, we found that HEMS participation in sudden-onset major incidents are rare in Norway. The cross-sectional study showed that HEMS personnel were experienced but only a little more than half of the crew members had attended a major incident within the previous five years. Further, the retrospective observational study showed that in a major incident, HEMS treat more patients on-scene than they transport to definite care. In this complex environment, the participation of multiple emergency services that not necessarily cooperate on a daily basis makes communication and coordination (including with HEMS) challenging. These challenges deserve focus in major incident training and planning. To provide a better knowledge base for future research, data collection from major incidents and major incident exercises should be done systematically. The template developed in the Delphi study would enable other clinicians and researchers to submit structured open access reports, to share lessons learnt, collate data and compare major incident responses. The lack of a universally accepted definition of major incidents and removal of barriers in recruiting reports to the template remain important areas for future research. To enhance the knowledge on HEMS in major incidents, it remains pivotal that the pre-hospital environment acknowledges and address these challenges.

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“…The hospital triage process has to be fluid as well as continuous and capable of dealing with incidents where the major casualties are medical rather than surgical 16 , 18 , 27 . During an MCI hospitals have to integrate casualty triage with the triage of normal daily emergency presentations 28 .…”

Section: Triage Considerations For Hospitalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Australian Mass Casualty Incident Triage System for the Future Based Upon Triage Mistakes of the Past: The Homebush Triage Standard

Nocera¹,

Garner²

1999

Aust. N.Z. J. Surg.

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The MGM Grand Hotel Fire

Cited by 46 publications

References 1 publication

Utilisation of helicopter emergency medical services in the early medical response to major incidents: a systematic literature review

Utilisation of helicopter emergency medical services in the early medical response to major incidents: a systematic literature review

Helicopter emergency medical services in sudden-onset major incidents ; Patterns of use

An Australian Mass Casualty Incident Triage System for the Future Based Upon Triage Mistakes of the Past: The Homebush Triage Standard

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