The Mevalonate Pathway and the Synthesis of Juvenile Hormone in Insects

Bellés, Xavier; Piulachs, María‐Dolors

doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130356

Cited by 355 publications

(326 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Changes in IIS usually result in the release of neuropeptides (e.g., allatostatin, allatotropin) that influence the production of JH by the corpus allatum (59,64). Accordingly, the exposure to cold also up-regulated the expression of the JHepox gene, which encodes JH epoxidase, the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of methyl farnesoate into JH III (86,87), the last step in the JH biosynthesis in most insects (88)(89)(90)(91).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between insulin signaling, juvenile hormone, and vitellogenin regulates maternal effects on polyphenism in ants

Libbrecht

Corona

Wende

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

120

105

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Polyphenism is the phenomenon in which alternative phenotypes are produced by a single genotype in response to environmental cues. An extreme case is found in social insects, in which reproductive queens and sterile workers that greatly differ in morphology and behavior can arise from a single genotype. Experimental evidence for maternal effects on caste determination, the differential larval development toward the queen or worker caste, was recently documented in Pogonomyrmex seed harvester ants, in which only colonies with a hibernated queen produce new queens. However, the proximate mechanisms behind these intergenerational effects have remained elusive. We used a combination of artificial hibernation, hormonal treatments, gene expression analyses, hormone measurements, and vitellogenin quantification to investigate how the combined effect of environmental cues and hormonal signaling affects the process of caste determination in Pogonomyrmex rugosus. The results show that the interplay between insulin signaling, juvenile hormone, and vitellogenin regulates maternal effects on the production of alternative phenotypes and set vitellogenin as a likely key player in the intergenerational transmission of information. This study reveals how hibernation triggers the production of new queens in Pogonomyrmex ant colonies. More generally, it provides important information on maternal effects by showing how environmental cues experienced by one generation can translate into phenotypic variation in the next generation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between insulin signaling, juvenile hormone, and vitellogenin regulates maternal effects on polyphenism in ants

Libbrecht

Corona

Wende

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

120

105

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“…The MOIH peptide hormone suppresses the production of MF. In insects, JH III is the major hormone related to metamorphosis, gonad maturation, and molting [29,30].…”

Section: Role Of Methyl Farnesoate (Mf) On Moltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustacean Molting: Regulation and Effects of Environmental Toxicants

Hosamani¹,

B²,

P³

2017

J Marine Sci Res Dev

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In crustaceans the growth of the animal occurs by shedding of old exoskeleton and formation of new exoskeleton. Immediately after ecdysis the newly synthesized cuticle up takes water to expand new exoskeleton thereby size. Molt cycle in crustaceans is under the control of several regulatory hormones, internal and external factors. The predominant hormones molt inhibiting hormone (MIH) and ecdysteroids act in a controversy manner to one another in regulation of molt. It is also identified that the methyl farnesoate (MF) induces molting by inducing the synthesis and release of ecdysteroids from Y-organs. Besides several other hormones and internal molecules like opioids and neurotransmitters along with toxicants (xenobiotics, chemicals and metals) are also involved in the regulation of crustacean molting. Toxicity of aquatic pollutants leads to retardation of growth and delays molting, besides influence mortality and causes huge loss to crustacean farming. This review presents the advances in the field of crustacean molting and its regulation.

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“…Cholesterol is synthesized from farnesyl pyrophosphate by using the sterol branch of the mevalonate pathway (30). This pathway is a ramified metabolic route that, starting with acetyl-CoA, leads to a great diversity of isoprenoid compounds in addition to cholesterol (Fig.…”

Section: Intracellular Pathways Involved In Neuregulin 1 Signaling-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Control of Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Schwann Cells by Axonal Neuregulin 1

Pertusa

Morenilla‐Palao

Carteron

et al. 2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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A characteristic feature of many vertebrate axons is their wrapping by a lamellar stack of glially derived membranes known as the myelin sheath. Myelin is a cholesterol-rich membrane that allows for rapid saltatory nerve impulse conduction. Axonal neuregulins instruct glial cells on when and how much myelin they should produce. However, how neuregulin regulates myelin sheath development and thickness is unknown. Here we show that neuregulin receptors are activated by drops in plasma membrane cholesterol, suggesting that they can sense sterol levels. In Schwann cells neuregulin-1 increases the transcription of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis. Neuregulin activity is mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway and a cAMP-response element located on the reductase promoter. We propose that by activating neuregulin receptors, neurons exploit a cholesterol homeostatic mechanism forcing Schwann cells to produce new membranes for the myelin sheath. We also show that a strong phylogenetic correlation exists between myelination and cholesterol biosynthesis, and we propose that the absence of the sterol branch of the mevalonate pathway in invertebrates precluded the myelination of their nervous system.

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The Mevalonate Pathway and the Synthesis of Juvenile Hormone in Insects

Cited by 355 publications

References 63 publications

Interplay between insulin signaling, juvenile hormone, and vitellogenin regulates maternal effects on polyphenism in ants

Interplay between insulin signaling, juvenile hormone, and vitellogenin regulates maternal effects on polyphenism in ants

Crustacean Molting: Regulation and Effects of Environmental Toxicants

Transcriptional Control of Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Schwann Cells by Axonal Neuregulin 1

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