The metric analysis of three-dimensional dendritic tree patterns: a methodological review

Uylings, H.B.M.; Ruiz-Marcos, Antonio; Pelt, Jaap van

doi:10.1016/0165-0270(86)90116-0

Cited by 180 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Although size has been shown to correlate with several other neuronal features, its discriminative power is very limited (a given volume can theoretically correspond to infinitely many different shapes). Also, it may be difficult in practice to estimate somatic size accurately, due to ambiguities in the transitions from soma to dendrites (31,89). To characterize somatic shape, important measures include the maximum diameter (major axis), the minimum diameter (minor axis), and especially their ratio.…”

Section: Soma Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternative stereological procedures based on counting intersections with other patterns of test lines have also been proposed (93,94). Sholl analysis has been criticized because of its intermingling of topological and metrical parameters, its limited sensitivity (it will detect only relatively large structural differences between groups of neurons), and the fact that it completely ignores orientation differences (31,89).…”

Section: Tree Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preferential orientation and elongation of the dendritic field can be computed from the direction and the ratio of the principal axes through the soma, or from the angular distribution of the dendritic intersections with the concentric spheres (circles) in Sholl analysis, or from grid density analysis methods (89). Other measures summarizing properties of the whole tree include the total number of (primary, secondary, tertiary) dendrites, their average path length (from terminal tip to origin along the segments), and their radial distances (from terminal tip straight to the somatic origin).…”

Section: Tree Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuron tracing in perspective

2010

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The study of the structure and function of neuronal cells and networks is of crucial importance in the endeavor to understand how the brain works. A key component in this process is the extraction of neuronal morphology from microscopic imaging data. In the past four decades, many computational methods and tools have been developed for digital reconstruction of neurons from images, with limited success. As witnessed by the growing body of literature on the subject, as well as the organization of challenging competitions in the field, the quest for a robust and fully automated system of more general applicability still continues. The aim of this work, is to contribute by surveying recent developments in the field for anyone interested in taking up the challenge. Relevant aspects discussed in the article include proposed image segmentation methods, quantitative measures of neuronal morphology, currently available software tools for various related purposes, and morphology databases. ' 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry

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Section: Soma Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tree Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tree Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuron tracing in perspective

2010

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“…Estimation of dendritic branching density. Because the Golgi analysis detected differences only in the branching pattern and length of the apical and not the basal dentritic trees, the branching density of the apical dendritic trees of CA3 pyramidal neurons of active, hibernating, and awaken hamsters (3 h) was evaluated by using a variation of the Sholl method (39,40). An acetate sheet containing a series of concentric circles calibrated at 20-m intervals was superimposed to each tracing so that the center of the circles coincided with the center of the cell body.…”

Section: Data Analysis Of Golgi Material Estimation Of Dendritic Bramentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and reversible changes in intrahippocampal connectivity during the course of hibernation in European hamsters

Magariños

McEwen

Saboureau

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

124

102

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The hippocampal formation is a highly plastic brain structure that undergoes structural remodeling in response to internal and external challenges such as metabolic imbalance and repeated stress. We investigated whether the extreme alterations in metabolic status that occur during the course of hibernation in European hamsters cause structural changes in the dendritic arborizations of the CA3 pyramidal neurons and their main excitatory afferents, the mossy fiber terminals (MFT), that originate in the dentate gyrus. We report that apical, but not basal, dendritic trees of Golgiimpregnated CA3 principal neurons are significantly shorter, less branched, and less spiny in hypothermic hamsters compared with active animals. After the induction of arousal from torpor, within 2 h, the apical dendritic lengths, branching patterns, and spine density estimations returned to levels found in active, euthermic hamsters. The ultrastructure of MFT in hibernating hamsters showed a significant reduction in synaptic vesicle density and in the percentage of MFT area covered by spine profiles. Awakened hamsters showed restoration of MFT morphology to that seen in active animals. MFT of torpid animals also showed a significant increase in the percentage area of mitochondrial profiles that remained higher 3 h after induced arousal from hibernation compared with euthermic controls. Thus, the torpid/awakening cycle of the hibernating European hamster causes a rapid and reversible morphological reorganization of intrahippocampal subregions involved in information processing. The reported reductions in morphological connectivity between the dentate gyrus and the CA3 subregions could underlie the cessation of exploratory activity and spatial navigation skills during hibernation.CA3 region ͉ hippocampus ͉ mossy fibers ͉ spines ͉ Golgi impregnation H ibernation is a highly regulated physiological response to adverse environmental conditions characterized by hypothermia and drastic reductions of metabolic rate (1). Hibernating species can adapt to anticipated scarcity in food supply and decreases in ambient temperature by storing food and increasing food intake for several weeks before winter starts (2). Once the animals enter into hibernation, they develop an energy conserving behavior and undergo deep bouts of hypothermia (or torpor) alternated with short euthermic intervals termed periodic arousals (3). By using fat stores as their primary source of energy and reducing carbohydrate metabolism, hibernating mammals sustain vital functions during prolonged periods without feeding and support periodic rewarming during interbout arousals (4).The physiological mechanisms triggering hibernation are very complex and far from being well known. Its seasonal occurrence is primarily regulated by the annual photoperiodic variations, and the neuroendocrine and neural mechanisms involved have been partly identified (5-8). The hippocampus, a target brain region for stressful challenges and adrenal steroids (9), has been postulated as a key structure in th...

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“…The morphological criteria employed for the selection of the neurons were similar to those described by De Ruiter and Uylings 26 : integrity and dark homogeneous impregnation throughout the extent of the dendrites, cell bodies located in the middle part of the section thickness to minimize the number of branch segments cut off at the plane of the section and relative isolation from other impregnated cells, blood vessels and silver deposits placed nearby. The existence of cut terminal segments on a neuron was not considered as a criterion for its exclusion from the estimations, because this type of elimination of neurons would have biased the sample toward smaller neurons 27 . Following these criteria, ten granule cells, eight CA3 pyramidal cells and eight CA1 pyramidal cells were selected from each case, both in the right and in the left hippocampal formations (Fig 2).…”

Section: Quantitative Study Of the Golgi-impregnated Dendritic Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic right/left asymmetries in the neurons of the human hippocampal formation: a quantitative Golgi study

Sá

Ruela

Madeira

2007

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Objective: To search for right/left asymmetries in the dendritic trees of the neuronal populations and in the cell-free layer volumes of the human hipoccampal formation. Method: In necropsic material obtained from six male individuals we performed a quantitative Golgi study of the dendritic trees of dentate granules, CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons and a volumetric analysis of dentate gyrus molecular layer, strata oriens plus alveus and strata lacunosum-moleculare plus radiatum of CA3 and CA1 fields. Results: We found inter-hemispheric asymmetries in the dendrites trees of all neurons, reaching the significant level in the number of granule cells dendritic segments (higher in the left than in the right hemisphere), dendritic branching density of CA3 pyramidal cells and mean dendritic length of CA1 apical terminal segments (higher in the right than in the opposite side). No volumetric differences were observed. Conclusion: This study points to different anatomical patterns of connectivity in the hippocampal formations of both hemispheres which may underlie functional asymmetries.KEY WORDS: brain asymmetries, hippocampal formation, dendritic asymmetries. Assimetrias dendríticas direita/esquerda nos neurónios da formação do hipocampo humano: estudo quantitativo GolgiRESUMO -Objectivo: Pesquisar a existência de assimetrias direita/esquerda nas arborizações dendríticas neuronais e nos volumes das camadas não celulares da formação do hipocampo humano. Método: Efectuamos estudo quantitativo Golgi das arborizações dendríticas dos grânulos da fascia denteada e das células piramidais de CA3 e CA1, e uma análise estereológica dos volumes da camada molecular da fascia denteada, do strata oriens + alveus e do strata lacunosum-moleculare + radiatum de CA3 e de CA1 em material necrópsico colhido em 6 indivíduos do sexo masculino. Resultados: Encontrámos assimetrias inter-hemisféri-cas nas arborizações dendríticas de todos os neurónios, significativas no número de segmentos dendríticos das células granulares (maior à esquerda do que à direita) na densidade de ramificação dendrítica das pirâmides de CA3 e no comprimento dendrítico médio dos segmentos apicais terminais das pirâmides de CA1 (maiores à direita do que à esquerda). Não encontramos diferenças volumétricas. Conclusão: Estes resultados alertam para diferentes padrões anatómicos de conectividade nas formações do hipocampo de ambos os hemisférios que podem fundamentar assimetrias funcionais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: assimetrias cerebrais, formação do hipocampo, assimetrias dendríticas. Porto -Portugal. E-mail: mjsa@med.up.pt The existence of anatomical inter-hemispheric asymmetries has since long been described in several regions of the normal human brain, mainly in those related to the processing of language functions [1][2][3][4] . In effect, most studies addressing this issue were centered in the neocortex where right/left differences were observed in macroscopic features, such as the shape and confi guration of cerebral sulci and specific cortical areas, as well as...

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The metric analysis of three-dimensional dendritic tree patterns: a methodological review

Cited by 180 publications

References 62 publications

Neuron tracing in perspective

Neuron tracing in perspective

Rapid and reversible changes in intrahippocampal connectivity during the course of hibernation in European hamsters

Dendritic right/left asymmetries in the neurons of the human hippocampal formation: a quantitative Golgi study

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