The metamorphosis of rechargeable magnesium batteries

Mohtadi, Rana; Tutusaus, Oscar; Arthur, Timothy S.; Zhao‐Karger, Zhirong; Fichtner, Maximilian

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2020.12.021

Cited by 154 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…8 In the electrolyte solution, there are competitions between solvent molecules and anions in coordination with Mg 2+ ions. 9 Approaches to sufficient cation−anion dissociation include either introducing auxiliary anions with larger association strength (e.g., chloride ions) 10,11 or developing anions that interact weaker with Mg 2+ ions than the solvent molecules. 12 The Cl − ions in the electrolyte were also identified as a multifunctional component and essential for interfacial charge transfer at the anode− electrolyte interfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing a Stable Anode–Electrolyte Interface in Mg Batteries by Electrolyte Additive

Diemant

Meng

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Simple magnesium salts with high electrochemical and chemical stability and adequate ionic conductivity represent a new-generation electrolyte for magnesium (Mg) batteries. Similar to other Mg electrolytes, the simple-salt electrolyte also suffers from high charge-transfer resistance on the Mg surface due to the adsorbed species in the solution. In the current study, we built a model Mg cell system with the Mg[B(hfip) 4 ] 2 /DME electrolyte and Chevrel phase Mo 6 S 8 cathode, to demonstrate the effect of such anode−electrolyte interfacial properties on the full-cell performance. It was found that the cell required additional activation cycles to achieve its maximal capacity. The activation process is mainly attributed to the conditioning of the anode−electrolyte interface, which could be boosted by introducing an additive amount of Mg(BH 4 ) 2 to the Mg[B(hfip) 4 ] 2 /DME electrolyte. Electrochemical and spectroscopic analyses revealed that the Mg(BH 4 ) 2 additive helps to remove the native oxide layer and promotes the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase layer on Mg. As a result, the full cell with the additive-containing electrolyte delivered a stable capacity from the second cycle onward. Further battery tests showed a reversible cycling for 600 cycles and an excellent rate capability, indicating good compatibility of the Mg(BH 4 ) 2 additive. The current study not only provides fundamental insights into the interfacial phenomena in Mg batteries but also highlights the facile tunability of the simple-salt Mg electrolytes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing a Stable Anode–Electrolyte Interface in Mg Batteries by Electrolyte Additive

Diemant

Meng

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Meanwhile, the further increase in energy density beyond that of copper sulfide is urgently needed. [ 12 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pyrite Iron Disulfide Cathode with a Copper Current Collector for High‐Energy Reversible Magnesium‐Ion Storage

Yuan

Zhang²,

Wang

et al. 2021

Advanced Materials

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Owing to its low cost, high theoretical capacity, and environmentally friendly characteristics, pyrite FeS2 demonstrates promise as a cathode material for high‐energy metal‐anode‐based rechargeable batteries. When it is used in a rechargeable magnesium battery (RMB), the electrode couple exhibits an extremely low theoretical volume change upon full discharge. However, its electrochemical Mg‐ion storage is considerably hindered by slow reaction kinetics. In this study, a high‐performance FeS2 cathode for RMBs using a copper current collector is reported, which is involved in cathode reactions via a reversible redox process between copper and cuprous sulfide. This phase transformation with the formation of copper nanowires during discharge activates the redox reactions of FeS2 via a two‐step and four‐electron Mg‐ion transfer that dominates the cathode reactions. As a result, the as‐prepared FeS2 nanomaterial cathode delivers a significantly enhanced reversible capacity of 679 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1. The corresponding energy density of 714 Wh kg−1 is superior to those of all previously reported metal chalcogenide cathodes in RMBs or hybrid batteries using a Mg metal anode. Notably, the as‐assembled FeS2–Mg battery can operate over 1000 cycles with a good capacity retention at 400 mA g−1.

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“…Rechargeable magnesium batteries have emerged as a promising candidate for the next-generation battery technologies owing to their potentials of offering efficient, safe and sustainable energy storage solutions. [1] However, the development of magnesium batteries is impeded by the lack of suitable cathode materials that enable reversible Mg-ion storage at a practically reasonable rate. Due to the high charge density of Mg-ion (120 C mm À 3 of Mg 2 + vs. 54 C mm À 3 of Li + ), insertion of Mg-ions into the conventional inorganic oxide cathodes suffers from strong polarization and sluggish diffusion kinetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Quinone‐Based Cathode with an Efficient Borate Electrolyte for High‐Performance Magnesium Batteries

Xiu

Vinayan

et al. 2021

Batteries & Supercaps

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Rechargeable magnesium batteries are gaining attention as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage applications because of their potentially high energy, safety and sustainability. However, the development of Mg batteries is impeded by the lack of efficient cathode materials and compatible electrode-electrolyte combinations. Herein, we demonstrate a new poly(1,4-anthraquinone)/Ketjenblack composite (14PAQ@KB) in combination with non-corrosive magne-sium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy) borate Mg[B(hfip) 4 ] 2 (hfip = OC(H)(CF 3 ) 2 ) electrolyte towards high-energy and longlifespan Mg batteries. This combination exhibits prominent electrochemical performance including a maximum discharge capacity of 242 mA h g À 1 (approximately 93 % of the theoretical capacity), superior cycling stability (81 mA h g À 1 after 1000 cycles), and excellent rate capability (120 mA h g À 1 at 5 C).

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The metamorphosis of rechargeable magnesium batteries

Cited by 154 publications

References 185 publications

Establishing a Stable Anode–Electrolyte Interface in Mg Batteries by Electrolyte Additive

Establishing a Stable Anode–Electrolyte Interface in Mg Batteries by Electrolyte Additive

A Pyrite Iron Disulfide Cathode with a Copper Current Collector for High‐Energy Reversible Magnesium‐Ion Storage

Combining Quinone‐Based Cathode with an Efficient Borate Electrolyte for High‐Performance Magnesium Batteries

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