The Metallurgy of Pre-industrial Metals and Alloys

Scott, David A.; Schwab, Roland

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11265-3_5

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The presence of several trace elements was the proof of the traditional cementation method employed by the early craftsmen to obtain brass, which included the use of calamine (a high-grade zinc carbonate ore). This process involved many different raw materials instead of melting the two principal elements of copper and zinc directly into each other as occurred in the modern processes [10], [28], [29]. Among the trace elements commonly found in the historical brass, Pb is the most critical since it could affect the mechanical properties of the material, reducing the brass shear strength and making it prone to crack [30], [31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-rays investigations for the characterization of two 17th century brass instruments from Nuremberg

et al. 2022

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A recent finding at the Castello Sforzesco in Milan of two brass natural horns from the end of the 17th century and assigned to the Haas family from Nuremberg brought to light new information about this class of objects. The instruments were heavily damaged, but their historical value was great. In this study, a multidisciplinary approach mainly based on non-invasive analytical techniques and including X-rays investigations (X-ray radiography, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction) was used. The present study was aimed at: i) pointing out the executive techniques for archaeometric purposes; ii) characterizing the morphological and the chemical features of materials; and iii) identifying and mapping the damages of the structure and the alterations of the surface.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-rays investigations for the characterization of two 17th century brass instruments from Nuremberg

et al. 2022

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“…For casting objects, copper and copper alloys are often prepared adding lead contents of 5 g/100 g or more. The addition of lead reduces the viscosity of the melt, improving the ability to fill the mould, and making the alloys of copper easier to cast [28]. Unlike zinc and tin, lead does not alloy with copper as the alloy cools down, and the lead forms a series of globules.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Elemental Composition By Pxrf µXrf And Sem...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Analytical Protocol for Decision Making to Study Copper Alloy Artefacts from Underwater Excavations and Plan Their Conservation

Gherardi

Stewart

2022

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The multi-analytical protocol currently in use at Historic England for the investigation of copper alloy artefacts recovered during underwater excavations aims to determine their manufacturing processes, identify repairs, and assess their state of preservation. Each step of the scientific analysis is described, and the results obtained from the study of a selection of copper alloy objects recovered from the Dutch East India Company (VOC) Rooswijk shipwreck (1740) are used as examples of the application of the protocol to gain archaeological, metallurgical, and conservation data. This information is crucial to plan the most appropriate procedures and determine treatment steps for the study and conservation of copper alloy artefacts from the marine environment.

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The Metallurgy of Pre-industrial Metals and Alloys

Cited by 2 publications

References 60 publications

X-rays investigations for the characterization of two 17th century brass instruments from Nuremberg

X-rays investigations for the characterization of two 17th century brass instruments from Nuremberg

A Multi-Analytical Protocol for Decision Making to Study Copper Alloy Artefacts from Underwater Excavations and Plan Their Conservation

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