A hybrid material (HPPA-SH-mSiO 2 ) containing multiple flame-retardant elements was synthesized and characterized using NMR, FTIR, and XPS techniques. This hybrid was synthesized by the "thiol-ene" click reaction of thiol-functionalized mesoporous silica (SH-mSiO 2 ) with ene-terminated hyperbranched polyphosphate acrylate (HPPA).When 2 wt% HPPA-SH-mSiO 2 hybrid was added to an epoxy matrix, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the incorporation of HPPA-SH-mSiO 2 increased the thermal stability of epoxy resin composites. Moreover, the combustion behavior of epoxy composites was investigated using a cone calorimeter, and the results show that the PHRR and THR of EP/HPPA-SH-mSiO 2 composites clearly decreased by 28.7% and 16%, respectively. Volatile toxic compounds such as aromatic compounds, CO, carbonyl compounds, and hydrocarbons were identified using TGA-infrared spectroscopy coupling technique. The effect of HPPA-SH-mSiO 2 hybrids on the removal of toxic volatiles was also