The Metal Casting Traditions of South Asia: Continuity and Innovation

Craddock, Paul

doi:10.16943/ijhs/2015/v50i1/48112

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As far as the mould position of the Shiva gurine is concerned, based on distribution of the pores, it is probable that the legs were oriented upwards, with the round base lying underfoot as a feeder. This is compatible with the reconstructions proposed in the literature (Craddock, 2015), showing a slightly tilted gurine, face down.…”

Section: Casting Techniquessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…WB-NT undoubtedly shows that the statue was made in three distinct castings, using the direct lost wax technique: the Shiva statuette was cast together with the round footplate under his feet, while the base and the halo were cast independently. We tried to verify the sprue positions suggested by the literature (Craddock, 2015). According to the traditional South Indian statuette casting technique, the gate system is built in the wax model, at the back of the statue.…”

Section: Casting Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main sprues can be located between the shoulder blades or directly in the nape. The mould is then typically buried in a casting pit (Craddock, 2015;Levy, et al, 2007). As far as the mould position of the Shiva gurine is concerned, based on distribution of the pores, it is probable that the legs were oriented upwards, with the round base lying underfoot as a feeder.…”

Section: Casting Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and microstructural characterization of an ancient Chola bronze statuette by neutron-based non-invasive techniques

Cantini,

Creange,

et al. 2024

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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The evolution of metallurgy is a fundamental aspect related to the knowledge of the technological level of ancient civilizations, for which the information was mostly part of an oral tradition. The ancient, preserved artefacts are the only keepers of this long gone knowledge. Most advanced non-invasive techniques provide us the key to access it. Neutron techniques are nowadays the only available approach for revealing, non-destructively and with good spatial resolution, the morphological and micro-structural properties within the whole volume of densely composed artefacts such as bronze statues. Application of neutron methods allows us to learn about ancient artefacts manufacturing methods and to study at a very detailed level the current conservation status in their different parts. As part of a research project dedicated to the study of ancient Asian bronzes led by the Rijksmuseum Metal Conservation Department, four statues from the Rijksmuseum Asian collection were analysed using non-invasive neutron techniques. In this work, we present the investigation of a South Indian bronze statuette depicting Shiva in the form of Chandrasekhara (AK-MAK-1291, c. 1000-1200 A.D.) by means of white beam tomography, energy selective neutron imaging (performed on CONRAD-2 at HZB, DE, and on FISH at TU-Delft, NL) and neutron diffraction (on ENGIN-X at ISIS, UK). The application of neutron imaging revealed the inner structure of the statue and allowed us to investigate the conservation state and potential cracking on the surface and in the bulk, to understand the interconnection of the different sections of the statue and to obtain clues about the manufacturing processes. These morphological and microstructural results were employed to guide neutron diffraction analyses that allowed us to precisely characterize compositional differences, the presence of dendrites and columnar growth peak structures related to casting. This work is a complete non-invasive analytical investigation on an archaeological bronze artefact, providing outstanding results: from a quantitative analysis of the composition and microstructure to an in-depth morphological analysis capable of unveiling details on the ancient casting methods of the statue.

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Section: Casting Techniquessupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Casting Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Casting Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and microstructural characterization of an ancient Chola bronze statuette by neutron-based non-invasive techniques

Cantini,

Creange,

et al. 2024

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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“…Cow dung is an eco-friendly binding and additive material which does not emit toxic gas, and protects human health from hazardous environment [7,8] . Cow dung is a relatively thin fibrous low-density material.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of cow dung as an eco-friendly additive material for sustainable moulding and casting

et al. 2019

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C lay bonded and chemical bonded sand moulds are commonly used in modern foundries for casting metal parts. Chemical based sand moulds will offer excellent design flexibility for the production of intricate shape parts. However, chemical binders will release the toxic gases that pollute the environment and cause serious threat to human health [1]. Furthermore, the strong and hard moulds obtained by chemical-based sand results in a poor collapsibility, which causes crack or hot tear casting defects [2, 3]. Therefore, modern foundries tend to use green

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Anthropology of Metallurgical Design: A Survey of Metallurgical Traditions from Hominin Evolution to the Industrial Revolution

Kaufman

2018

Metallurgical Design and Industry

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The Metal Casting Traditions of South Asia: Continuity and Innovation

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Morphological and microstructural characterization of an ancient Chola bronze statuette by neutron-based non-invasive techniques

Morphological and microstructural characterization of an ancient Chola bronze statuette by neutron-based non-invasive techniques

Performance analysis of cow dung as an eco-friendly additive material for sustainable moulding and casting

Anthropology of Metallurgical Design: A Survey of Metallurgical Traditions from Hominin Evolution to the Industrial Revolution

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