The metabolomics of psoriatic disease

Abstract

Metabolomics is an emerging new “omics” field involving the systematic analysis of the metabolites in a biologic system. These metabolites provide a molecular snapshot of cellular activity and are thus important for understanding the functional changes in metabolic pathways that drive disease. Recently, metabolomics has been used to study the local and systemic metabolic changes in psoriasis and its cardiometabolic comorbidities. Such studies have revealed novel insights into disease pathogenesis and suggest new biochemical signatures that may be used as a marker of psoriatic disease. This review will discuss common strategies in metabolomics analysis, current findings in the metabolomics of psoriasis, and emerging trends in psoriatic metabolomics.

Complexities in Genetics of Psoriatic Arthritis

“…Interestingly, the five non-immune system genes whose variations are significantly associated with PsA (i.e., ANXA6, HSD3B7, KCNH7, P4HA2, TNIP1) are enriched in RAC1/PAK1/P38/MMP2, synthesis of bile acids/salts and prostaglandin, metabolism of bile acids, arginine and lipids, and biosynthesis of steroid and collagen pathways. These findings are supported through previous research that has linked many of these pathways with PsA and severe psoriasis cases [41][42][43][44].…”

Hyperproliferation is the main driver of metabolomic changes in psoriasis lesional skin

“…In addition, we also found increased Lys levels in PS-L skin. The increase in Glu concentration is potentially driven by the increased demand for glutamine during keratinocyte hyperproliferation, rapid protein synthesis and www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ enhanced immune cells activity that are characteristic to PS 6,16,17 . Chronic inflammation causes the reduction of Phe conversion to Tyr and, consequently, higher Phe levels could be found in tissues with chronic inflammation 18 .…”

“…Elevated levels of Glu, Phe, isoleucine (Ile), proline (Pro), ornithine (Orn), sulfoxidized methionine, ADMA, homocysteine (Hcy), various phosphatidylcholines, alpha ketoglutaric acid, lactic acid and urea were found in the blood of psoriasis patients when compared to the samples collected from healthy persons. Higher concentrations of choline, taurine, Glu, Phe, arachidonic acid, citrulline and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and increased ratios of Glu to serine (Ser), creatinine to glycine (Gly) and taurine to Ala were found in psoriatic lesional skin compared to non-lesional skin or controls [6][7][8][9][10][11] . Several studies that investigated the levels of specific metabolite classes have been conducted 8,9,12,13 , however, to our best knowledge systematic metabolomic analysis of whole skin biopsies have not been performed yet.…”

Gold lotion from citrus peel extract ameliorates imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like dermatitis in murine

“…There has also recently been increased scientific interest in microbial contributions to healthy skin and cutaneous disorders . Furthermore, metabolomics has been used to study the local and systemic metabolic changes in psoriasis and has revealed novel insights into its pathogenesis and suggested new biochemical signatures . It will be interesting to examine whether GL treatment changes the microbiota of the skin and gut or alters the metabolic signatures of psoriasis.…”