The Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics of Pentachlorophenol in Man, and a Comparison With the Rat and Monkey

Braun, Werner; Blau, Gary; Chenoweth, Maynard B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-00288-4.50033-5

Cited by 23 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The Tashiro et al, 1970;Engst et al, 1976b;Braun et al, , 1977Braun et al, , 1978Ahlborg, 1978;Kobayashi, 1978;Lech et al, 1978;Glickman et al, 1977;Lilienblum, 1985 Jacobson andYllner, 1971;Ahlborg et al, 1974;Lu et al, 1978Tashiro et al, 1970Jacobson and Yllner, 1971Ahlborg, 1978;Ahlborg et al, 1974Braun et al, , 1977Lu et al, 1978 Tetrachlorohyroquinone Ahlborg et al, 1974Ahlborg, 1978Engst et al, 1976bEngst et al, 1976bEngst et al, 1976bEngst et al, 1976bEngst et al, 1976bEngst et al, 1976bAhlborg, 1978Lu et al, 1978Bose and Fujiwara, 1978Kobayashi, 1978 "Metabolites not unambiguously identified. b Metabolites which were identified in homogenates of liver or microsomes, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The formation of pentachlorophenyl glucuronide from PCP in rats was confirmed by Engst et al (1976b), , Braun et al ( , 1977, Ahlborg (1978), and . In man PCPglucuronide was identified as a metabolite of PCP by Braun et al (1978), and in fish by Kobayashi (1978), and Lech et al (1978). Lilienblum (1985) stated, that PCP-glucuronide is formed in rat and also in human liver microsomes.…”

Section: Metabolism Of Pentachlorophenol (Pcp) In Animals and Manmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Further in sheep they found about 12% of the urinary metabolites conjugated with phosphate. , and Braun et al ( , 1977Braun et al ( , 1978 studied the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of PCP in rats, monkeys and man. They found PCP-glucuronide in excreta of man and rats, and additional tetrachlorohydroquinone in urine of rats.…”

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confidence: 98%

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Transformations of pentachlorophenol

Renner¹,

Mücke

1986

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Metabolism Of Pentachlorophenol (Pcp) In Animals and Manmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Transformations of pentachlorophenol

Renner¹,

Mücke

1986

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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“…Results from animal and human studies indicate that PCP is not extensively metabolized, as evidenced by the large quantity of the administered dose excreted in urine as the parent compound in all species. The available human and animal data indicate that PCP metabolism occurs in the liver and the major pathways are conjugation to form the glucuronide and oxidative dechlorination to form tetrachlorohydroquinine (Braun and Sauerhoff, 1976;Braun et al, 1979;Reigner et al, 1991;ATSDR 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The kinetics of PCP were also determined in four male human volunteers (21-55 years of age) after ingestion of 0.1 mg of PCP/kg dissolved in 25 ml of water (followed by two 10 ml rinses) (Braun, Blau, and Chenoweth, 1979). Food was withheld 8 h before and 1 h after ingestion of the dose.…”

Section: Pentachlorophenolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecies comparison of kinetic data of chlorinated chemicals of potential relevance to risk assessment

Skowronski

Abdel‐Rahman

1997

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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Most noncancer risk assessments focus on the NOAEL (the no observed adverse effect level), an external dose. However, the internal dose considers the ongoing kinetics between chemical intake and target site and will provide a better dose-response relationship. The purpose of this study was to conduct a literature search for kinetic parameters in animals and humans administered chlorinated chemicals by the oral or inhalation routes. Frequendy used industrial solvents as well as pesticides were evaluated. Animal to human kinetic ratios were calculated and compared to the proposed kinetic default subfactors of Renwick for oral chemicals and of the USEPA for inhaled compounds. Kinetic default subfactors were then replaced by data-derived values and the interspecies factors were recalculated. Seventy percent of data-derived kinetic ratios were lower than proposed default values. Thus, incorporation of internal dose can reduce uncertainty in animal-human extrapolation. Furthermore, metabolites should be examined because for some compounds, species differences in toxicity may be due to metabolites.

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Phenol and Phenolics

Cavender,

O'Donoghue

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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The phenolics used for industrial and commercial purposes are a large and diverse group of chemicals as the six‐member ring of phenolics can be methylated, halogenated or include other moieties that add properties or toxicological potential that is not observed with simple phenolics. For simple dihydroxy phenolics, the largest exposure potential can be through their presence naturally in foods. Low concentrations of chlorophenols are commonly found in drinking water due to water chlorination processes. Simple methyl phenols are commonly used as disinfectants. More complex phenolics such as creosote and pentachlorophenol are used as wood preservatives. The acute toxicity of phenolics at relatively high doses is manifested as excitation of the nervous system causing muscle tremors, salivation, and in severe cases, convulsions. The excitatory phase of phenolic intoxication gives way to depression of the nervous system and can result in mortality. Acute and repetitive exposure to phenolics can result in liver and kidney toxicity. A number of phenolics can be absorbed through skin and are readily absorbed after ingestion. Major metabolites of phenols are sulfates and glucuronide conjugates that are excreted through the kidneys. First pass metabolism present on ingestion is not a factor for phenols absorbed through the skin. Therefore, the toxicity of phenolics may differ depending on route of exposure.

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The Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics of Pentachlorophenol in Man, and a Comparison With the Rat and Monkey

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Transformations of pentachlorophenol

Transformations of pentachlorophenol

Interspecies comparison of kinetic data of chlorinated chemicals of potential relevance to risk assessment

Phenol and Phenolics

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