The Metabolism of Some Coral Reef Communities: A Team Study of Nutrient and Energy Flux at Eniwetok

Johannes, R. E.; Alberts, James J.; D'Elia, C. S.; Kinzie, Robert A.; Pomeroy, Lawrence R.; Sottile, W.; Wiebe, W. J.; Marsh, James A.; Helfrich, Philip; Maragos, James E.; Meyer, Judith; Smith, Stephen V.; Crabtree, David M.; Roth, Ariel A.; McCloskey, L. R.; Betzer, Susan B.; Marshall, N.; Pilson, Michael E. Q.; Telek, G.; Clutter, Robert I.; DuPaul, William D.; Webb, Katie; Wells, J.M.

doi:10.2307/1296314

Cited by 98 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…unpubl.). Early atoll studies also documented N : P in incoming waters of 2 : 1 (Johannes et al 1972;Webb et al 1975), indicating that most reef systems are supplied with extremely N-poor waters, which makes them that much more N-limited (Odum and Odum 1955). Atkinson and Falter (2003) suggested that this missing nitrogen must come from either POM or nitrogen fixation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite recycling of limiting nutrients often being cited as explaining the productivity of coral reefs under nutrientlimited conditions (Sargent and Austin 1949;Johannes et al 1972), rates of nutrient release on reefs have rarely been estimated due to the difficulty in quantifying either gross uptake or gross release in the field. A number of studies have simplified nutrient release estimates by Table 3) and release rates (J 2 MTL ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many early studies of reef-level nutrient dynamics considered the so-called 'coral reef paradox'-the existence of highly productive benthic coral ecosystems in a lownutrient oceanic 'desert'-but likely underestimated the magnitude of net nutrient uptake and, therefore, the importance of oceanic (allochthonous) nutrients (Odum and Odum 1955;Johannes et al 1972;Webb et al 1975). Mass transfer limitation (MTL) theory explains how the formation of a diffusive boundary layer physically limits the rate of nutrient uptake from the overlying water column Atkinson and Bilger 1992;Bilger and Atkinson 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these studies focused almost exclusively on the larger size-fractions of the particulate organic matter (POM), for which uptake was quantitatively small even in comparison to MTL dissolved inorganic nutrient fluxes (Sargent and Austin 1949;Johannes et al 1972). It is now known that living POM in oligotrophic systems is mostly dominated by the smallest size fractions, particularly the picoplankton , 2 mm (Ducklow 1990;Ribes et al 2003;Wyatt et al 2010), and benthic uptake of smaller particles is higher independent of their concentration (Ribes et al 2003;Houlbrèque et al 2006;Ribes and Atkinson 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oceanographic forcing of nutrient uptake and release over a fringing coral reef

Wyatt

Falter

Lowe

et al. 2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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Nitrate and nitrite (NO x ) and phosphate (PO 4 ) dynamics over Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, are shown to depend on oceanographic forcing of coupled mass transfer limited (MTL) gross uptake and gross release from remineralized oceanic particulate organic matter (POM). Estimates of gross release rates increased significantly with increasing POM uptake and were of the same order as gross uptake rates. Gross uptake rates increased significantly with increasing oceanic concentrations and wave energy dissipation, were 35-80% higher over the reef crest (7-9 mmol NO x m 22 d 21 and 4-5 mmol PO 4 m 22 d 21 ), and were significantly correlated with independent estimates of POM-mediated gross NO x uptake, supporting both MTL uptake and the strong role of oceanic POM supply. The relative supply of NO x and POM was linked to the seasonal dynamics of a regional current system. In late spring, upwelling associated with seasonally strong equator-ward winds led to increased NO x concentrations (0. The autumn enhancement of oceanic POM supply to the reef can be attributed to a regional phytoplankton bloom associated with acceleration of the oligotrophic Leeuwin Current, which may result in a significant supply of dissolved nutrients to downstream communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oceanographic forcing of nutrient uptake and release over a fringing coral reef

Wyatt

Falter

Lowe

et al. 2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…The Zooxanthellae also play a vital role in light- enhanced calcification of Scleractinian corals [7].In healthy corals , Zooxanthellae occur at extremely high densities of ≥10 cells cm of coral surface [8]. During bleaching events, the symbiosis breaks down and Zooxanthellae are lost from coral tissues [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Status of Coral Reefs in Chabahar Bay, Iran

Tehranifard¹,

Farhadi²,

Aminirad³

2012

IJBBB

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Abstract-Coral bleaching is rapidly developingas a major problem for the healyh of coral reefs worldwide. This study examined the effect of some ecological factors on coral reefs in Chabahar Bay.we measured the coral cover and the linear extention rates at 3 sites in 6 months before and after Monsoon. In order to estimate the loss and damage received by the coral colonies in the area, different methods were applied such as the Direct Observation method(via scuba-diving operation),Line Transect method, and the new method of Coral Watch.The results of the studies revealed the fact of a decrease wthe water s transparency, as well as accumulation of a great deal of sediments in sea bed.A great deal deposits silted over the area, with a thickness up to 5 cm from the joining parts of the corals to the sea bed due to dredging operation, building a secondary breakwater and also diminishing the natural water ciculation in the area. After this event, the corals lost their symbiosis unicelloular algae living in their connecting parts to the sea bed and have turned into white color. There were no significant differences among different geographical areas within the reef tract(Upper, Middle and Lower ). The studies made through the Line Transect and Coral Watch are also proving the existence of the pressure and appearing the unwanted agents in the area, which prevents the growth and developing the coral reefs.

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Spatiotemporal variability in seawater carbon chemistry for a coral reef flat in Kāne‘ohe Bay, Hawai‘i

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Courtney

Carlo

et al. 2018

Limnology & Oceanography

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Coral reef community composition and ecosystem function may change in response to anthropogenic ocean acidification. However, the magnitude of acidification on reefs will be modified by natural spatial and temporal variability in seawater CO 2 chemistry. Consequently, it is necessary to quantify the ecological, biogeochemical, and physical drivers of this natural variability before making robust predictions of future acidification on reefs. In this study, we measured temporal and spatial physiochemical variability on a reef flat in K ane'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i, using autonomous sensors at sites with contrasting benthic communities and by sampling surface seawater CO 2 chemistry across the reef flat at different times of the day during June and November. Mean and diurnal temporal variability of seawater CO 2 chemistry was more strongly influenced by depth gradients (~0.5-10 m) on the reef rather than benthic community composition. Spatial CO 2 chemistry gradients across the reef flat reflected the cumulative influence from benthic metabolism, bathymetry, and hydrodynamics. Based on graphical assessment of total alkalinity-dissolved inorganic carbon data, reef metabolism in November was dominated by organic carbon cycling over inorganic carbon cycling, while these processes were closely balanced in June. Overall, this study highlights the strong influence of depth on reef seawater CO 2 chemistry variability through its effects on benthic biomass to seawater volume ratio, seawater flow rates, and residence time. Thus, the natural complexity of ecosystems where a combination of ecological and physical factors influence reef chemistry must be considered when predicting ecosystem biogeochemical responses to future anthropogenic changes in seawater CO 2 chemistry.

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The Metabolism of Some Coral Reef Communities: A Team Study of Nutrient and Energy Flux at Eniwetok

Cited by 98 publications

References 7 publications

Oceanographic forcing of nutrient uptake and release over a fringing coral reef

Oceanographic forcing of nutrient uptake and release over a fringing coral reef

Health Status of Coral Reefs in Chabahar Bay, Iran

Spatiotemporal variability in seawater carbon chemistry for a coral reef flat in Kāne‘ohe Bay, Hawai‘i

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