The metabolism of n-nonane in male Fischer 344 rats

Serve, M. P.; Bombick, D.D.; Baughman, Todd M.; Jarnot, Bruce M.; Ketcha, M. M.; Mattie, David R.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(95)00137-w

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Several oxidised metabolites in the urine could be found, but quantitative data were not given (Olson et al, 1986). A similar study was carried out with n-nonane by Serve et al (Serve et al, 1995), but again, no quantitative data were provided.…”

Section: Iii2 Absorption Distribution and Elimination Acyclic Alkamentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The authors also reported the formation of 1-heptanol, but no explanation for this metabolite is available. Keto-acids, as observed with n-octane could not be detected after administration on n-nonane (Serve et al, 1995).…”

Section: Oralmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Some studies on saturated alkanes were retrieved from the additional data search, but apart from two oral studies (Olson et al, 1986;Serve et al, 1995) and one subcutaneous study (Manini et al, 1999), in all other studies retrieved, inhalation was the route of exposure. From these studies (Bahima et al, 1984;Perbellini et al, 1986;Perbellini et al, 1982;Fedtke and Bolt, 1987;Holmberg et al, 1977), absorption through the membranes of the inhalatory tract was observed.…”

Section: Iii2 Absorption Distribution and Elimination Acyclic Alkamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 2 (FGE.25Rev2): Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31

Flavourings¹

2011

EFSA Journal

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The Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids of the European Food Safety Authority was requested to evaluate 37 flavouring substances in the Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 2, using the Procedure in Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000. None of the substances were considered to have genotoxic potential. The substances were evaluated through a stepwise approach (the Procedure) that integrates information on structure-activity relationships, intake from current uses, toxicological threshold of concern, and available data on metabolism and toxicity. The Panel concluded that the ten substances 01.027, 01.028, 01.033, 01.034, 01.038, 01.039, 01.046, 01.054 and 01.057] do not give rise to safety concerns at their levels of dietary intake, estimated on the basis of the MSDI approach. For the remaining 27 candidate substances 01.022, 01.023, 01.030, 01.031, 01.032, 01.035, 01.036, 01.037, 01.042, 01.043, 01.044, 01.047, 01.050, 01.051, 01.052, 01.053, 01.055, 01.056, 01.058, 01.059, 01.060, 01.064, 01.066, 01.067, 01.070 and 10.078] no appropriate NOAEL was available and additional data are required. Besides the safety assessment of these flavouring substances, the specifications for the materials of commerce have also been considered. For five substances, the composition of the stereoisomeric mixture has to be specified further. The 37 candidate substances are aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, which have been divided into eight subgroups: I) acyclic alkanes, II) acyclic alkenes, III) cyclohexene hydrocarbons, IVa) benzene hydrocarbons, IVb) napthalene hydrocarbons, IVc) diphenylmethane, V) bi-and tricyclic, nonaromatic hydrocarbons and VI) macrocyclic, non-aromatic hydrocarbons.Several of the 37 flavouring substances possess chiral centres and/or can exist as geometrical isomers. For five of the flavouring substances [FL-no: 01.021, 01.027, 01.032, 01.035 and 01.078] the stereoisomeric composition/composition of mixture has not been specified sufficiently.Thirty-one of the 37 candidate substances belongs to structural class I, two belongs to structural class II and four to structural class III according to the decision tree approach presented by Cramer et al. (1978).Thirty-three out of the 37 candidate substances have been reported to occur naturally in a wide range of food items.In its evaluation, the Panel as a default used the "Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intake" (MSDI) approach to estimate the per capita intakes of the flavouring substances in Europe. However, when the Panel examined the information provided by the European Flavouring Industry on the use levels in various foods, it appeared obvious that the MSDI approach in a number of cases would grossly underestimate the intake by regular consumers of products flavoured at the use level reported by the Industry, especially in those cases where the annual production values were reported to be small. In consequence, the Panel had reservations about the data on use and use levels provided and the intake...

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Section: Iii2 Absorption Distribution and Elimination Acyclic Alkamentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Oralmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Iii2 Absorption Distribution and Elimination Acyclic Alkamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 2 (FGE.25Rev2): Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31

Flavourings¹

2011

EFSA Journal

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show abstract

“…Several oxidised metabolites in the urine could be found, but quantitative data were not given (Olson et al, 1986). A similar study was carried out with n-nonane by Serve et al (1995), but again no quantitative data were provided.…”

Section: Acyclic Alkanes (Candidate and Structurally Related Supportimentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Some studies on saturated alkanes were retrieved from the additional data search, but apart from two oral studies (Olson et al, 1986;Serve et al, 1995) and one subcutaneous study (Manini et al, 1999), in all other studies retrieved, inhalation was the route of exposure. From these studies (Holmberg et al, 1977;Perbellini et al, 1982;Bahima et al, 1984;Perbellini et al, 1986;Fedtke & Bolt, 1987), absorption through the membranes of the inhalatory tract was observed.…”

Section: Acyclic Alkanes (Candidate and Structurally Related Supportimentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, (FGE.25) - Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food

2008

EFSA Journal

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The metabolism of nonane, a JP-8 jet fuel component, by human liver microsomes, P450 isoforms and alcohol dehydrogenase and inhibition of human P450 isoforms by JP-8

Edwards

Rose

Hodgson

2005

Chemico-Biological Interactions

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The metabolism of n-nonane in male Fischer 344 rats

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 2 (FGE.25Rev2): Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 2 (FGE.25Rev2): Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31

Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, (FGE.25) - Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food

The metabolism of nonane, a JP-8 jet fuel component, by human liver microsomes, P450 isoforms and alcohol dehydrogenase and inhibition of human P450 isoforms by JP-8

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