The metabolism of cockroach muscle (periplaneta americana)

Barrón, E. S. Guzmán; Tahmisian, T. N.

doi:10.1002/jcp.1030320105

Cited by 75 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…We have observed apparent coalescence of mitochondria in both hummingbird and insect muscles. This could be expected in view of the separation and fusion of mitochondria in the living cell (Biesele, 1955).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Comparative Cytophysiology of Striated Muscle With Special Reference to the Role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Edwards

Rüska

Santos

et al. 1956

The Journal of Cell Biology

100

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1. The structure and distribution of the components of striated muscle cells vary with the species and with the specialization of muscle fiber function. 2. There appear to be two, easily distinguishable, general categories of striated muscle structure. A. High frequency muscle (represented by flight muscle of higher insects and hummingbird, and cicada tympanal muscle) is characterized by widely spaced, non-branching fibrils of large diameter and short period, little endoplasmic reticulum, and large quantities of large mitochondria (low fibril-sarcoplasm ratio). This structure is correlated with heavy tracheolization or vascularization, high oxidative activity, and dark color as compared with other muscles of the same species. B. Low frequency muscle is characterized, in general, by high fibril-sarcoplasm ratio, relatively long period, few mitochondria increasing with activity and decreasing with absolute power of the fiber. Oxidative capacity and color are proportional to the quantity of mitochondria. These fibers are further differentiated into (a) fibrillar arrangement of contractile material which permits a regular pattern of interfibrillar and segmental reticulum, and (b) afibrillar arrangement of contractile material leading to an unsystematic distribution of reticulum. 3. The endoplasmic reticulum appears as a complex coordination system in the muscle fiber. Peripherally, it links the Z and M lines of the fibrils to the sarcolemma and between the fibrils it links the cross-bands, forming the Grundmembran of earlier authors. By longitudinal linkage, it connects with the sarcolemma at the muscle extremity to form a digital arrangement into which the tendon fibrils are spliced. The extent of its development and its position have a definite relationship to the degree and site of fiber shortening. At present the reticulum is the only structure that one can consider to be an internal conducting system. It may distribute the excitation transversely from fibril to fibril, and lengthwise saltatorially to the symmetry centers of the sarcomeres. 4. The nucleus is the mediating element between the cytoplasmic phases within and without the tubular system of the endoplasmic reticulum. A possible mechanism which correlates nucleus, adenylic acid system, ion exchange, and reticulum with the initiation of contraction is postulated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Comparative Cytophysiology of Striated Muscle With Special Reference to the Role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Edwards

Rüska

Santos

et al. 1956

The Journal of Cell Biology

100

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“…But, again in accord with flies, acetate was rapidly metabolized (Barron and Tahmisian, 1948). It seems likely that neither the fly nor the locust muscle can initiate the oxidation of fatty acids.…”

Section: A Comparison Of the Flight Processes Of Flies And Locustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With these species it was found that the respiratory quotients (R.Q.) during flight were equal to unity (Jongbloed and Wiersma, 1934;Chadwick, 1947), and that after flight the insects' reserves of glucose and glycogen were depleted (Beutler, 1936;Williams et al, 1943;Wigglesworth, 1949). In contrast, with the migratory locust, Schistocerca, most of the total energy expenditure was apparently derived from fats.…”

Section: A Comparison Of the Flight Processes Of Flies And Locustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Structure and the Metabolism of Insect Flight Muscle

Sacktor

1955

The Journal of Cell Biology

118

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The biochemical properties of housefly flight muscle have recently been investigated to ascertain the mechanisms whereby energy is made available for the contractile processes (Sacktor, , a and b, 1954. These observations demonstrated the complete oxidation of some citric acid cycle intermediates in the sarcosomes (mitochondria) of these muscles, and showed that this oxidation could be coupled with synthesis of the energy-rich phosphate bonds in ATP. 1 Notwithstanding the multitude of enzymes in the mitochondrion, it was reported that isolated ssrcosomes were unable to oxidize glycogen and glucose (Levenbook, 1953, andSacktor, 1954). Since several experimenters had shown that these compounds are the main substances utilized during flight of flies (of. Chadwick, 1953), it appeared that extrasarcosomal enzymatic activities, too, were concerned with flight metabolism. This viewpoint was also inferred from previous results , which demonstrated a parallel in the distribution of certain enzymatic properties and the three prime morphological particulars of the flight muscle; namely, fibrils, sarcosomes, and sarcoplasm (the matrix that engulfs both fibrils and sarcosomes). Additional evidence for the localization of enzymes within these morphological entities and the relationship between them in the over-all metabolism of the flight muscle is provided in the present study. E X P E R I M E N T A L Fractionation ProceduresHouseflies, Musca domestic, a, of mixed sexes were used. These were reared and maintained by the procedure described previously (Sacktor, 1950).Flight muscle homogenates were prepared by grinding isolated thoraces in cold 0.9 per cent KCI with a Potter-Elvehjem homogenizer for 1 minute. The brei was then filtered through several layers of cheese-cloth to remove pieces of cuticle. The volume of the filtrate was adjusted with additional KC1 so that the final suspension contained the equivalent of 25 thoraces per ml. (10 to 15 rag. dry weight per ml.).The soluble and particulate fractions were obtained by centrifuging muscle homogenates, in the cold, for 10 minutes at about I0,000 g. The first supernatant was collected and used as 1 The following abbreviations will be used: ATP, adenosinetriphosph&te; ADP, adenosinediphosphate; AMP, adenosinemonophosphate; DPN, diphosphopyridine nucleotide; TPN, triphosphopyridine nucleotide.

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“…It also functions in certain protozoa (Evans 1946) and insects (Barron and Tahmisian 1948). The precise details of the cycle, however, are not known and it would be unprofitable to discuss the apparent differences in the cycle as it occurs in the tissues of different animals.…”

Section: (F) Utilization Of Citrate By the Tissues Of The Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intermediary Metabolism of Nematode Parasites

Massey¹,

Rogers²

1950

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Sum1lUlryThe oxygen consumption of brei or mince prepared from Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Ascaridia galli, and Neoaplectana glaseri was stimulated by the addition of pyruvate, a-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate. Citrate did not stimulate respiration. Malonate, arsenate, arsenite, pyrophosphate, and azide inhibited respiration. When brei from Nematodirus spp. and Ascaridia galli were fortified with coenzymes, the inhibition due to malonate was decreased by adding intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the accumulation of succinate in the malonate-poisoned brei was increased when fumarate, fumarate plus pyruvate, or citrate was added.When calcium ions were present in the medium in which the brei was suspended, the results indicated that only isolated reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were taking place because succinate failed to decrease malonate inhibition and did not accumulate even when fumarate or pyruvate was added. The characteristic reactions of the whole cycle could be obtained by omitting calcium chloride from the medium or by adding adenosinetriphosphate, diphosphopyridine nucleotide, and triphosphopyridine nucleotide.On the basis of these results, it is suggested that some form of the tricarboxylic acid cycle functions in the tissues of the parasites.

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The metabolism of cockroach muscle (periplaneta americana)

Cited by 75 publications

References 18 publications

Comparative Cytophysiology of Striated Muscle With Special Reference to the Role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Comparative Cytophysiology of Striated Muscle With Special Reference to the Role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Structure and the Metabolism of Insect Flight Muscle

The Intermediary Metabolism of Nematode Parasites

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