The metabolism of 2, 5-dimethylhexane in male Fischer 344 rats

Serve, M. P.; Bombick, D.D.; Roberts, Jonathan; McDonald, Gayle A.; Mattie, David R.; Yu, Kyung O.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(91)90266-g

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A recent review paper by Pitz and Mueller [2] describing the development of diesel surrogate fuel models concluded that major research gaps remain in modeling high molecular weight (i.e., C 8 and greater) aromatics, alkyl aromatics, cyclo-alkanes, and lightly branched iso-alkanes. The present study is concerned with the combustion of branched alkanes, specifically 2,5-dimethylhexane, which has been reported as a component of petroleum combustion exhaust, smog, and tobacco smoke [3]. Branched alkanes are important components of conventional diesel and jet fuels derived from petroleum [2,4]; synthetic Fischer-Tropsch diesel and jet fuels derived from coal, natural gas, and/or biomass [5,6]; and renewable diesel and jet fuels derived from thermochemical treatment of bio-derived fats and oils (e.g., hydrotreated renewable jet (HRJ) fuels) [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive combustion chemistry study of 2,5-dimethylhexane

Sarathy

Javed

Karsenty

et al. 2014

Combustion and Flame

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Iso-paraffinic molecular structures larger than seven carbon atoms in chain length are commonly found in conventional petroleum, Fischer-Tropsch (FT), and other alternative hydrocarbon fuels, but little research has been done on their combustion behavior. Recent studies have focused on either mono-methylated alkanes and/or highly branched compounds (e.g., 2,2,4-trimethylpentane). In order to better understand the combustion characteristics of real fuels, this study presents new experimental data for the oxidation of 2,5-dimethylhexane under a wide variety of temperature, pressure, and equivalence ratio conditions. This new dataset includes jet stirred reactor speciation, shock tube ignition delay, and rapid compression machine ignition delay, which builds upon recently published data for counterflow flame ignition, extinction, and speciation profiles. The low and high temperature oxidation of 2,5-dimethylhexane has been modeled using a comprehensive chemical kinetic model developed using established reaction rate rules. The agreement between the model and data is presented, along with suggestions for improving model predictions. The importance of propene chemistry is highlighted as critical for correct prediction of high temperature ignition delay. The oxidation behavior of 2,5-dimethylhexane is also compared with oxidation behavior of other linear and branched octane isomers, in order to determine the effects of the number of methyl branches on combustion properties. Both experimental data and model predictions indicate that increasing the level of branching decreases fuel reactivity at low and intermediate temperatures. The model is used to elucidate the structural features and reaction pathways responsible for inhibiting the reactivity of 2,5-dimethylhexane. FUEL or CNF, Sarathy et al. submitted July 2013Introduction Detailed chemical kinetic models for transportation fuels have reached a level of fidelity where accurate predictions can be made of combustion phenomenon relevant to the operation of practical devices. Schofield [1] states that these large scale models are adequate as engineering tools for studying the combustion of new fuel molecules. A recent review paper by Pitz and Mueller [2] describing the development of diesel surrogate fuel models concluded that major research gaps remain in modeling high molecular weight (i.e., C 8 and greater) aromatics, alkyl aromatics, cyclo-alkanes, and lightly branched iso-alkanes. The present study is concerned with the combustion of branched alkanes, specifically 2,5-dimethylhexane, which has been reported as a component of petroleum combustion exhaust, smog, and tobacco smoke [3]. Branched alkanes are important components of conventional diesel and jet fuels derived from petroleum [2,4]; synthetic Fischer-Tropsch diesel and jet fuels derived from coal, natural gas, and/or biomass [5,6]; and renewable diesel and jet fuels derived from thermochemical treatment of bio-derived fats and oils (e.g., hydrotreated renewable jet (HRJ) fuels) [7,8]. Detailed com...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive combustion chemistry study of 2,5-dimethylhexane

Sarathy

Javed

Karsenty

et al. 2014

Combustion and Flame

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“…Possibly safer analogs of n-hexane include substances such as 2,5-dimethylhexane (28) (Figure 10). It has been shown in rats that the predominant metabolites of 28 are 2,5-dimethyl-l,2-hexanediol (29) and 2,5-dimethyl-l,5-hexanediol (30) (Figure 10) (64). Unlike n-hexane, no neurotoxic effects of 28 have been reported (although no studies assesing the neurotoxic potential of 28 appear in the literature).…”

Section: Design Of Safer Glycol Ethersmentioning

confidence: 97%

General Principles for the Design of Safer Chemicals: Toxicological Considerations for Chemists

DeVito

1996

ACS Symposium Series

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“…Mechanism of Combustion of 2,5-Dimethylhexane. To better understand the initial mechanisms and major products of multimethyl isomer combustion in octane isomer systems, 2,5-dimethylhexane, 7 which has two meta-methyl branches in the side chain is chosen as the isomer component. The effects of the methyl substitution number are also discussed.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Combustion Of Octane Isomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the components of octane isomers (normal alkane and branched alkanes) are not only the key surrogates of aviation kerosene, , but also have been widely used as model fuels for gasoline and diesel. − A good understanding of the isomer effect is of great help to improve its efficient utilization as a transport fuel. Because the chain length of octane is sufficient to explore various isomeric effects, 3-methylheptane, 2,5-dimethylhexane, , and isooctane , are chosen as branched isomers, while n -octane as a normal isomer in the present work. To better understand the isomer effect, highly branched symmetric components 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane and 3-ethylhexane with different side chain functional groups are also considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ReaxFF MD Investigation of the High-Temperature Combustion of Six Octane Isomers

et al. 2021

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This work attempts to investigate the combustion mechanism, reactivity, and coking performance of six octane isomers using reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD) simulations and the VARxMD code. The kinetic analysis results were firstcompared with the experimental data to verify the validity of the simulation results. It was found that the combustion of six isomers mainly involves C−C bond cleavage, isomerization reactions, dehydrogenation, and oxidation. The cleavage of C−C bonds is the dominant route of initial reactions in combustion. While the isomerization reaction is a major distinction between normal and branched alkane isomers. The formation mechanism of coke precursors was further discussed by pathway analysis. The results showed that the existence of branch chains increases the possibility of the formation of coking precursors, and monoethyl isomers show the highest generation trend. The methyl substitution location also has an obvious effect on the formation mechanism of coke precursors. For meta-methyl isomers, coke precursors are formed by dehydrogenation of macromolecules at high temperature, while those are caused by collisions between carbon atoms for ortho-methyl isomers. The product distribution showed that the number of ethylene groups in n-octane combustion is larger than that of other isomer systems, while there is more CO formed in 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane combustion. For reactivity, the n-alkane is more reactive than other isomer systems, and increasing the number of methyl substitutions also enhances the reactivity of branched isomers for multimethyl isomers. Hopefully, the mechanism information obtained in this work could improve the understanding of differences in combustion of octane isomers and provide insights into the structural effect during the fuel combustion process at the molecular level.

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The metabolism of 2, 5-dimethylhexane in male Fischer 344 rats

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

A comprehensive combustion chemistry study of 2,5-dimethylhexane

A comprehensive combustion chemistry study of 2,5-dimethylhexane

General Principles for the Design of Safer Chemicals: Toxicological Considerations for Chemists

ReaxFF MD Investigation of the High-Temperature Combustion of Six Octane Isomers

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