The Metabolic Syndrome is associated with advanced vascular damage in patients with coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm

Olijhoek, Jobien K.; Graaf, Yolanda van der; Banga, Jan‐Dirk; Algra, Ale; Rabelink, Ton J.; Visseren, Frank L.J.

doi:10.1016/j.ehj.2003.12.007

Cited by 240 publications

(126 citation statements)

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“…22 In spite of the use of different and modified definitions, the metabolic syndrome is associated with more extensive vascular damage and increased risk for subsequent events in patients with prevalent cardiovascular disease. 12,23,24 In hypertensive patients without manifest vascular disease, the metabolic syndrome has been shown to be associated with increased intima-media thickness and left ventricular hypertrophy as well as with increased incidence of cardiovascular events. [25][26][27][28][29] It is not yet known whether the metabolic syndrome still is a predictor of new cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients with already clinically manifest cardiovascular disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of metabolic syndrome or type II diabetes mellitus on the occurrence of recurrent vascular events in hypertensive patients

et al. 2008

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Patients with hypertension and manifest vascular disease are at high risk for recurrent cardiovascular diseases. It is unknown if the metabolic syndrome further increases the risk in these patients. This study aims to quantify the effect of metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes on cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients with vascular disease. A total of 2196 hypertensive patients with vascular disease (cerebrovascular disease (34%), coronary heart disease (50%), peripheral arterial disease (28%), abdominal aortic aneurysm (13%)) from the Second Manifestations of Arterial Disease study were followed for up to 10 years (mean 3.9 years) for death, stroke and myocardial infarction. Age and sex adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome but without diabetes (n ¼ 775) and for hypertensive patients with type II diabetes (n ¼ 381), compared to merely hypertensive patients (n ¼ 1040).Forty-nine percent had metabolic syndrome (NCEP ATPIII definition) and 17% had type II diabetes. Metabolic syndrome predicted vascular death (HR 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.98), stroke (HR 1.36, 95% CI 0.85-2.16) and myocardial infarction (HR 1.40, 95% CI 0.97-2.01). Type II diabetes accounted for even higher risks of vascular end points (HR 1.41-1.64). The effect of metabolic syndrome on future events could not be explained by the presence of type II diabetes. Even in high-risk patients with hypertension and vascular disease, presence of metabolic syndrome or type II diabetes identifies patients at high risk for future cardiovascular events. Identifying metabolic syndrome patients may direct therapy focusing on treatment of insulin resistance by reducing weight and increasing physical activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of metabolic syndrome or type II diabetes mellitus on the occurrence of recurrent vascular events in hypertensive patients

et al. 2008

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Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is interrelated atherosclerotic risk factors including insulin resistance, hypertension, a low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, a high triglyceride level, a high plasma glucose concentration, central obesity, and the increased number of components of the metabolic syndrome is associated with a higher mean carotid intima media thickness, lower ankle brachial pressure index in patients with coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, or abdominal aortic aneurysm [3][4][5].Hajsadeghi et al reported a study with 100 patients with MetS (group I) and 100 control (group II) who experienced acute myocardial infarction. In this study the left ventricle (LV) was divided into six basal segments (anterior, anterolateral, inferolateral, inferior, inferoseptal, and anteroseptal), six middle segments (same subgroups), and four apically located segments (anterior, septal, inferior, and posterior).…”

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Metabolic Syndrome, Wall Motion Score and Infarct Size after AMI

Roever¹,

Es²

2015

J Cardiovasc Dis Diagn

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EditorialThe infarct size is an important marker for early and late mortality after acute myocardial infarction [1,2]. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is interrelated atherosclerotic risk factors including insulin resistance, hypertension, a low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, a high triglyceride level, a high plasma glucose concentration, central obesity, and the increased number of components of the metabolic syndrome is associated with a higher mean carotid intima media thickness, lower ankle brachial pressure index in patients with coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, or abdominal aortic aneurysm [3][4][5].Hajsadeghi et al. reported a study with 100 patients with MetS (group I) and 100 control (group II) who experienced acute myocardial infarction. In this study the left ventricle (LV) was divided into six basal segments (anterior, anterolateral, inferolateral, inferior, inferoseptal, and anteroseptal), six middle segments (same subgroups), and four apically located segments (anterior, septal, inferior, and posterior). By visual analysis of systolic wall thickening, segments were assigned a wall motion score (WMS) as follows:• Normal or hyperkinetic (normal endocardial excursion and systolic wall thickening); • Hypokinetic (reduced excursion and wall thickening); • Akinetic (absent excursion and wall thickening); and • Dyskinetic (paradoxical systolic outward wall motion).WMS index (WMSI) was calculated by dividing the sum of all WMS by the total number of segments analyzed [1].The authors found that the peak CK-MB and cTnI in 72 hours it was significantly higher in patients with MetS compared with control subjects (P <0.001). After 72 hours patients with metabolic syndrome have markedly superior wall motion abnormality assessed by echocardiography derived wall motion score index (WMSI) (P <0.001). Also found statistically significant relationships between WMSI and peak CK-MB and also cTnI at 72 hours (P <0.001) (1).Logstrup et al. studied the effects of known DM, newly diagnosed DM, and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) on echocardiographyderived coronary flow reserve (CFR) in a group of patients with recent AMI. The authors an association between a decreased CFR and the diagnosed DM but not the IGT [6].The patients with MetS have significantly higher infarct size compared to those without metabolic syndrome. 5. Olijhoek JK, van der Graaf Y, Banga JD, Algra A, Rabelink TJ, et al. (2004) The metabolic syndrome is associated with advanced vascular damage in patients with coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur Heart J 25: 342-348.6. Logstrup BB, Hofsten DE, Christophersen TB, Moller JE, et al. (2009) Influence of abnormal glucose metabolism on coronary microvascular function after a recent myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2: 1159-1166.

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“…Diabetes monitoring for protein glycation, an essential element for the long-term control of the complications of diabetes mellitus, is currently managed by a combination of daily self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) measurements and physician-assessed hemoglobin A1c (A1C) levels every 3-6 months. 4,5,6,7,8 Figure I-Factors involved in pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycated albumin and glycated hemoglobin- A comparison

Mukherjee¹,

Patra²,

Das³

2013

Int Jour of Biomed Res

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The Metabolic Syndrome is associated with advanced vascular damage in patients with coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm

Abstract: In patients with manifest vascular disease the presence of the metabolic syndrome is associated with advanced vascular damage.

Cited by 240 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of metabolic syndrome or type II diabetes mellitus on the occurrence of recurrent vascular events in hypertensive patients

Effect of metabolic syndrome or type II diabetes mellitus on the occurrence of recurrent vascular events in hypertensive patients

Metabolic Syndrome, Wall Motion Score and Infarct Size after AMI

Glycated albumin and glycated hemoglobin- A comparison

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