The metabolic syndrome entanglement: cutting the Gordian knot

Abstract

Questions have been raised on the clinical value of the metabolic syndrome (MS). (Cardiol J 2014; 21, 1: 1-5)

Authors’ response

“…Therefore, the authors' findings are in line with our opinion that MetS is a multifactorial and polyfacetic syndrome, standing basically on 2 tightly knotted conditions: obesity and insulin resistance. While obesity causes insulin resistan ce, on the other hand insulin resistance modifies adipose tissue responses to insulin and thereby recapitulates the obese state [1]. This situation may be exacerbated by other concomitant factors [7,8] like abnormalities in adipokines, vitamin D deficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, hyperuricemia, renal and hepatic dise ases, as described by the authors [9][10][11][12] in their recent letter.…”

“…Katsiki, Athyros and Karagiannis for their interest in our work [1]. The relationship of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with cardiovascular (CV) disease, dyslipidemia, hy pertension, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, overweight, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus is well established and widely known.…”

Kimberley Indigenous mental health: An examination of metabolic syndrome risk factors

“…4 According to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, an individual has MetS if they have an abnormal waist circumference plus abnormal measures on any two of the other criteria (blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides or fasting blood glucose). 5,6 The clinical value of the syndrome is well established, 7 yet only a small number of patients are regularly screened for the key characteristics of central obesity, glucose intolerance/insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. [8][9][10][11] Individuals with MetS are five times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes and two to three times more likely to suffer a heart attack or stroke than people without MetS.…”

Rosiglitazone‐dependent dissociation of HuR from PPAR‐γ regulates adiponectin expression at the posttranscriptional level

“…Adiponectin, an adipokine mainly produced in and secreted by adipocytes, plays important roles in the regulation of a variety of metabolic processes, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis (10,11). Emerging evidence suggests that adiponectin is a promising drug target for obesity and diabetes-related complications (11).…”