The Metabolic Syndrome and the Relevance of Nutrients for its Onset

Schnack, Lauren L.; Romani, Andrea

doi:10.2174/1872208311666170227112013

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Greater alteration of insulin resistance clinical profiles, such as BMI, WC, waist/hip ratio, HOMA IR, and insulin, was observed in the group of patients with AO-GHD compared to the CO-GHD group. As the interval (years) without rhGH replacement therapy was similar between the groups, the differences found on clinical parameters may be related to genetic predisposition and to exposure to general factors such as eating behaviors, dietary factors contributing to insulin resistance, nutrient availability, and reduced or absent physical activity (26)(27)(28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transient Elastography and Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) in the Assessment of Liver Steatosis in Severe Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency

et al. 2019

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Some noninvasive techniques have been used to quantify liver fat, such as the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Objective: To evaluate CAP as a tool to identify liver steatosis and its relationship with different clinical and biochemical metabolic parameters in a group of patients with severe adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD), and to compare the evolution of metabolic profiles after 6 months of human growth hormone (rhGH) replacement therapy in a subgroup of patients. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study at baseline of naive rhGH multiple pituitary hormonal deficiency (MPHD) hypopituitarism patients. A 6-month intervention clinical trial in a selected group of a non-randomized, non-controlled cohort was also applied. Results: Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was normal in severe AGHD patients. CAP evaluation showed steatosis in 36.3% of baseline patients (8/22), associated with higher BMI, waist circumference, insulin, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. According to steatosis degree by CAP, child-onset growth hormone deficiency (CO-GHD) was graded as 68.75% (11/16) S0, 12.5% (2/16) S1, and 18.75% (3/16) S3, whereas AO-GHD was graded as 50% (3/6) S0, 16.66% (1/6) S2, and 33.33% S3. After 6 months of hrGH replacement, CAP measurements did not change significantly, neither on group without hepatic steatosis at baseline (194.4 ± 24.3 vs. 215.4 ± 51.3; p = 0.267) nor on the group with hepatic steatosis (297.2 ± 32.3 vs. 276.4 ± 27.8; p = 0.082). A significant improvement of body composition was observed only in the first group. Conclusions: We have demonstrated the importance of CAP as a non-invasive tool in the liver steatosis identification on hypopituitary patients. This method may be an important indicator of the severity of metabolic disorders in MPHD patients. In our study, no liver health modification in LSM at baseline or after 6 months of rhGH replacement was found. Longer studies can help to establish the potential repercussions of growth hormone replacement therapy on liver steatosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transient Elastography and Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) in the Assessment of Liver Steatosis in Severe Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency

et al. 2019

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“…For pregnant women, the body secretes a large amount of a variety of neuroendocrine hormones to meet the needs of fetal growth and development, resulting in long-term physiological emergency of pregnant women. When the secretion and regulation functions of hormones such as insulin and thyroid hormone are out of balance, it will cause metabolic diseases such as central obesity, hypertension, blood sugar, and blood lipid metabolism disorder [12,13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Value of Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, Visceral Fat Index, and Prepregnancy Body Mass Index in Gestational Metabolic Syndrome

Zhao

Huang

2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objective. To explore the diagnostic value of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), visceral fat index (VAI), and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) in gestational metabolic syndrome (GMS). Methods. From December 2019 to March 2021,122 GMS high-risk pregnant women who received routine antenatal clinic visits and planned to give birth in our hospital were selected as the research objects. Pregnant women were divided into the GMS group (n = 79) and the control group (n = 43) according to GMS diagnostic criteria during the gestation period of 32–36 weeks. The general information such as age and gestational week of pregnant women as well as HOMA-IR, VAI, and BMI before pregnancy were compared between the two groups. The glucose and lipid metabolism indexes of pregnant women in two groups were analyzed, the detection rates of HOMA-IR, VAI, and prepregnancy BMI in GMS between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for GMS in pregnant women, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the diagnostic value of HOMA-IR, VAI, prepregnancy BMI, and the combination of the three for GMS. Results. The body weight, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure of the GMS group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in age, gestational week, and height between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ). The levels of FPG, FINS, TC, TG, LDL-C, and FFA in the GMS group were higher than the control group, the level of HDL-C in the GMS group was lower than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). The levels of HOMA-IR, VAI, and prepregnancy BMI in the GMS group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). The positive detection rates of HOMA-IR, VAI, and prepregnancy BMI in the GMS group were 83.54%, 86.07%, and 81.01%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the positive detection rates of HOMA-IR, VAI, and prepregnancy BMI between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ). High levels of HOMA-IR, VAI, and prepregnancy BMI were risk factors for GMS in pregnant women ( P < 0.05 ). ROC curve showed area under the curve for HOMA-IR was 0.810, area under the curve for VAI was 0.771, and area under the curve for prepregnancy BMI was 0.749. The AUC for the combination of HOMA-IR, VAI, and prepregnancy BMI was 0.918. Conclusion. HOMA-IR, VAI, and prepregnancy BMI in GMS have a high detection rate and certain diagnostic value, and the combination of the three has higher clinical value.

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“…However, when nutrition is inadequate or excessive, the body faces the problem of controlling the amount of nutrients absorbed and stored, with the ensuing emergence of diet-associated pathologies, including MetS. The latter is a complex of symptoms and pathological conditions appearing in people over 65, particularly in females [175], induced by insulin resistance; MetS includes T2DM, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, non-alcoholic liver steatosis, and cancer [176]. Growing evidence indicates a significant reduction of the incidence of T2DM and MetS by the intake of plant polyphenols [177], particularly those found in the EVOO [57,178].…”

Section: Metabolic Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy Effects of Plant Polyphenols: Molecular Mechanisms

Leri

Scuto

Ontario

et al. 2020

IJMS

313

213

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The increasing extension in life expectancy of human beings in developed countries is accompanied by a progressively greater rate of degenerative diseases associated with lifestyle and aging, most of which are still waiting for effective, not merely symptomatic, therapies. Accordingly, at present, the recommendations aimed at reducing the prevalence of these conditions in the population are limited to a safer lifestyle including physical/mental exercise, a reduced caloric intake, and a proper diet in a convivial environment. The claimed health benefits of the Mediterranean and Asian diets have been confirmed in many clinical trials and epidemiological surveys. These diets are characterized by several features, including low meat consumption, the intake of oils instead of fats as lipid sources, moderate amounts of red wine, and significant amounts of fresh fruit and vegetables. In particular, the latter have attracted popular and scientific attention for their content, though in reduced amounts, of a number of molecules increasingly investigated for their healthy properties. Among the latter, plant polyphenols have raised remarkable interest in the scientific community; in fact, several clinical trials have confirmed that many health benefits of the Mediterranean/Asian diets can be traced back to the presence of significant amounts of these molecules, even though, in some cases, contradictory results have been reported, which highlights the need for further investigation. In light of the results of these trials, recent research has sought to provide information on the biochemical, molecular, epigenetic, and cell biology modifications by plant polyphenols in cell, organismal, animal, and human models of cancer, metabolic, and neurodegenerative pathologies, notably Alzheimer’s and Parkinson disease. The findings reported in the last decade are starting to help to decipher the complex relations between plant polyphenols and cell homeostatic systems including metabolic and redox equilibrium, proteostasis, and the inflammatory response, establishing an increasingly solid molecular basis for the healthy effects of these molecules. Taken together, the data currently available, though still incomplete, are providing a rationale for the possible use of natural polyphenols, or their molecular scaffolds, as nutraceuticals to contrast aging and to combat many associated pathologies.

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The Metabolic Syndrome and the Relevance of Nutrients for its Onset

Abstract: The present review attempts to provide a framework to help the reader understand the causes behind the development of the metabolic syndrome and its complication.

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Transient Elastography and Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) in the Assessment of Liver Steatosis in Severe Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency

Transient Elastography and Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) in the Assessment of Liver Steatosis in Severe Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency

Predictive Value of Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, Visceral Fat Index, and Prepregnancy Body Mass Index in Gestational Metabolic Syndrome

Healthy Effects of Plant Polyphenols: Molecular Mechanisms

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