The metabolic syndrome and risk of coronary artery disease in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in a chronic mental institute

Abstract

The prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) has been found to be high in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Current evidence shows that CAD is underdiagnosed in this group. Our study evaluated the prevalence of MS and the risk of CAD in patients with chronic schizophrenia in a chronic care mental hospital in southern Taiwan. We included all patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. We collected all laboratory, physical examination, psychiatric interview, and chart review data. We also evaluated the risk of CAD in these patients using the Framingham point system. There was no significant age difference in the MS prevalence rate in these patients. The young patients with schizophrenia in our study tended to have a higher prevalence of MS than the general population. In addition, female patients had a higher prevalence rate of MS than males. Based on the Framingham point system, we found the 10-year risk of CAD to be higher among the patients with schizophrenia than in the general population. Our study highlights the importance of the high risk of MS in both younger and older patients with schizophrenia, without a significant relationship to the use of antipsychotics. More complete cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings. Psychiatrists may want to establish more specific and detailed clinical guidelines for patients with chronic schizophrenia with comorbid physical diseases, especially MS and CAD.

Increased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in male schizophrenic patients with metabolic syndrome

“…[24–26] The finding that patients with schizophrenia would have higher 10-year risk of coronary heart disease is also similar to earlier report by Tseng et al [26] That finding is not surprising given the criteria of metabolic syndrome and Framingham points have overlapping parameters.…”

Schizoaffective disorder and metabolic syndrome: A meta-analytic comparison with schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses

“…Thirty studies were included for meta-analyses (Arango et al, 2008;Boden et al, 2013;Burghardt et al, 2014;Carr a et al, 2014;Centorrino et al, 2012;Cerit et al, 2008;Correll et al, 2014;Curtis et al, 2011;Elgamal et al, 2012;Gladigau et al, 2014;Gulec Oyekcin, 2009;Hatata et al, 2009;Holt et al, 2010;John et al, 2009;Keenan et al, 2013;Khatana et al, 2011;Kuzman et al, 2011;Lin et al, 2012;Mackin et al, 2007;MedeirosFerreira et al, 2013;Miller et al, 2013;Morgan et al, 2014;Pantusa et al, 2010;Risselada et al, 2012;Roshdy, 2011;Schorr et al, 2009;Steylen et al, 2009;Tseng et al, 2014;van Winkel et al, 2008;Wysokinski et al, 2012), using also unpublished data provided by corresponding authors (Boden et al, 2013;Burghardt et al, 2014;Carr a et al, 2014;Cerit et al, 2008;Correll et al, 2014;Curtis et al, 2011;Gladigau et al, 2014;Keenan et al, 2013;Kuzman et al, 2011;Lin et al, 2012;Mackin et al, 2007;<...>…”

“…The majority of studies (70%) were published over the last five years (Boden et al, 2013;Burghardt et al, 2014;Carr a et al, 2014;Centorrino et al, 2012;Correll et al, 2014;Curtis et al, 2011;Elgamal et al, 2012;Gladigau et al, 2014;Holt et al, 2010;Keenan et al, 2013;Khatana et al, 2011;Kuzman et al, 2011;Lin et al, 2012;Medeiros-Ferreira et al, 2013;Miller et al, 2013;Morgan et al, 2014;Pantusa et al, 2010;Risselada et al, 2012;Roshdy, 2011;Tseng et al, 2014;Wysokinski et al, 2012), with the oldest published in 2007 (Mackin et al, 2007). All manuscripts but four e written in Dutch (Steylen et al, 2009), Italian (Pantusa et al, 2010), Spanish (Medeiros-Ferreira et al, 2013), and Turkish languages (Gulec Oyekcin, 2009), respectively e were in English.…”

“…Twelve samples were based on outpatients (Arango et al, 2008;Boden et al, 2013;Burghardt et al, 2014;Cerit et al, 2008;Curtis et al, 2011;Gladigau et al, 2014;Gulec Oyekcin, 2009;Keenan et al, 2013;Mackin et al, 2007;Medeiros-Ferreira et al, 2013;Pantusa et al, 2010;Schorr et al, 2009), ten on inpatients Centorrino et al, 2012;Elgamal et al, 2012;Hatata et al, 2009;Kuzman et al, 2011;Lin et al, 2012;Roshdy, 2011;Steylen et al, 2009;Tseng et al, 2014;Wysokinski et al, 2012), eight on both inpatients and outpatients (Correll et al, 2014;Holt et al, 2010;John et al, 2009;Khatana et al, 2011;Miller et al, 2013;Morgan et al, 2014;Risselada et al, 2012;van Winkel et al, 2008).…”

Family Support and Adherence to Treatment in Patients Diagnosed with Schizophrenia in Tabasco, Mexico: A Case- Series Study

“…It has been observed that patients that take antipsychotics have a higher rate of incidence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, which may be a result of the medication together with a maladaptive lifestyle [27]. It is estimated that approximately 50% of patients treated with high-potency first-generation antipsychotics (such as haloperidol) develop acute extrapyramidal symptom within the first several days of treatment [28].…”