The metabolic status during the peri partum period affects the voluntary feed intake and the metabolism of the lactating multiparous sow

Mosnier, Emmanuelle; Etienne, Michel Louis; Ramaekers, P.; Père, Marie-Christine

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2009.06.023

Cited by 55 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…*P ⩽ 0.05, **P ⩽ 0.01, ***P ⩽ 0.001. study indicates that milk production has a great impact on protein metabolism of the sow, and therefore an important focus of future research should be optimization of protein and amino acid requirements during lactation. The plasma concentration of NEFA, which is likely an indirect measurement of body fat mobilization (Le Cozler et al, 1998;Mosnier et al, 2010) was highest during the first 2 weeks and then decreased to almost zero in the last 2 weeks of lactation, which is in accordance with observations made by Trottier and Easter (1995). This conforms with the higher BF loss during the 1st week compared with the last week of lactation as reported in the current study.…”

Section: Sow Body Mobilization During Lactationsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The decrease in plasma creatinine throughout lactation matches the higher BW loss during the 1st weeks of lactation compared with the last week before weaning. In contrast, Mosnier et al (2010) reported a constant concentration of creatinine in plasma, but in that study the sows did not lose weight during lactation. A higher mobilization of body protein increases plasma creatinine and the mobilized protein is to a great part redirected toward milk protein.…”

Section: Sow Body Mobilization During Lactationmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Urea N in plasma increased during the first 3 weeks of lactation as a reflection of increased catabolism of amino acids caused by the higher protein intake (Le Cozler et al, 1998;Mosnier et al, 2010), which was in accordance with Mosnier et al (2010) and Quesnel et al (2009). The decrease in plasma creatinine throughout lactation matches the higher BW loss during the 1st weeks of lactation compared with the last week before weaning.…”

Section: Sow Body Mobilization During Lactationmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Many sows turn catabolic during the lactation period to maintain their milk production, because they are unable to increase the feed intake at the same rate as milk production is increasing (van den Brand et al, 2000;Hansen et al, 2012a). However, possibly due to differences in the number of nursing piglets, studies on sows show contradicting results when it comes to linking body mobilization and milk production, and whether a high feed intake (5.0 to 7.6 kg/ day) can prevent excessive BW loss (Eissen et al, 2003;Mosnier et al, 2010). A low sow feed intake (2.8 to 3.0 kg/ day) and great body mobilization (38 to 40 kg) during lactation can have a negative effect on the following reproductive cycle by increasing weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI) and decreasing the number of total born piglets (Baidoo et al, 1992;Koketsu et al, 1996;Zak et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sows with high milk production had both a high feed intake and high body mobilization

Strathe

Bruun

Hansen

2017

Animal

100

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Selection for increased litter size have generated hyper-prolific sows that nurses large litters, however limited knowledge is available regarding the connection between milk production, feed intake and body mobilization of these modern sows. The aim of the current study was to determine what characterized sows with high milk production and nursing large litters, differences between sows of different parities and effects of lactational performance on next reproductive cycle. In total 565 sows (parity 1 to 4) were studied from 7 days before farrowing until weaning. On day 2 postpartum litters were standardized to 14 piglets. Weight and back fat thickness of sows were measured at day 7 prepartum, day 2 postpartum and at weaning. Litters were weighed at day 2 and at weaning. Pearson correlation coefficients between variables were calculated and regression models were developed. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) of the sows was 6.1 ± 1.1 kg/day, average daily gain (ADG) of the litter was 2.92 ± 0.53 kg/day and sows weaned 13.0 ± 1.1 piglets. First parity sows generally had a lower ADFI and milk production and a decrease in total born piglets in next litter compared with parity 2 to 4 sows, which could be explained by a relatively higher proportion of their body reserves being mobilized compared with multiparous sows. The ADG of the litter was positively related by ADFI of the sows, litter size and BW loss and increasing the ADFI with 1 kg/day throughout lactation likely increased the ADG of the litter with 220 to 440 g/day in parity 1 to 4, respectively. Increasing the ADFI by 1 kg/day reduced the BW loss with 6.6 to 13.9 kg of parity 1 to 4 sows, respectively, during lactation, whereas increasing the average milk yield with 1 kg/day raised the BW loss with 4.3 to 21.0 kg of the four parities during lactation. The number of total born piglets in the next litter was positively related to the number of piglets born in the previous litter. In conclusion, both a high feed intake and a high mobilization of body reserves was a prerequisite for a high milk production. The sows might be very close to the physical limit of what they can ingest and future research should therefore, focus on optimizing the dietary energy and nutrient concentrations of diets for lactating hyper-prolific sows and herein distinguish between primiparous and multiparous sows.Keywords: body mobilization, feed intake, milk production, reproduction, sow ImplicationsTo obtain a high litter weight at weaning the sow must consume high amounts of feed, but a high milk yield often causes a high BW loss. Counterproductive, body mobilization is positive for the offspring, but might be harmful to the sow. This study showed that sows with the highest milk production and litter gain had both a high feed intake and large mobilization. The sows might have reached their upper physical limit for how much feed they could ingest and therefore future research should focus on correct nutrient concentrations of lactation diets of hyper-prolific sows. IntroductionMilk...

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Section: Sow Body Mobilization During Lactationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Sow Body Mobilization During Lactationmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Sow Body Mobilization During Lactationmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sows with high milk production had both a high feed intake and high body mobilization

Strathe

Bruun

Hansen

2017

Animal

100

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“…Mosnier et al, 2010;Hansen et al, 2012a). Therefore, energy balances of sows in the model were either zero or negative, which also is the most likely situation for a high-producing lactating sow.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of protein and amino acid requirements of lactating sows using a population-based factorial approach

Strathe

Theil

Hansen

et al. 2015

Animal

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Determination of appropriate nutritional requirements is essential to optimize the productivity and longevity of lactating sows. The current recommendations for requirements do not consider the large variation between animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the amino acid recommendations for lactating sows using a stochastic modeling approach that integrates population variation and uncertainty of key parameters into establishing nutritional recommendations for lactating sows. The requirement for individual sows was calculated using a factorial approach by adding the requirement for maintenance and milk. The energy balance of the sows was either negative or zero depending on feed intake being a limiting factor. Some parameters in the model were sow-specific and others were population-specific, depending on state of knowledge. Each simulation was for 1000 sows repeated 100 times using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. BW, back fat thickness of the sow, litter size (LS), average litter gain (LG), dietary energy density and feed intake were inputs to the model. The model was tested using results from the literature, and the values were all within ±1 s.d. of the estimated requirements. Simulations were made for a group of low-(LS = 10 (s.d. = 1), LG = 2 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)), medium-(LS = 12 (s.d. = 1), LG = 2.5 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)) and high-producing (LS = 14 (s.d. = 1), LG = 3.5 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)) sows, where the average requirement was the result. In another simulation, the requirements were estimated for each week of lactation. The results were given as the median and s.d. The average daily standardized ileal digestible (SID) protein and lysine requirements for low-, medium-and high-producing sows were 623 (CV = 2.5%) and 45.1 (CV = 4.8%); 765 (CV = 4.9%) and 54.7 (CV = 7.0%); and 996 (CV = 8.5%) and 70.8 g/day (CV = 9.6%), respectively. The SID protein and lysine requirements were lowest at week 1, intermediate at week 2 and 4 and the highest at week 3 of lactation. The model is a valuable tool to develop new feeding strategies by taking into account the variable requirement between groups of sows and changes during lactation. The inclusion of between-sow variation gives information on safety margins when developing new dietary recommendations of amino acids and protein for lactating sows.

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Effect of lactating sows’ diet supplemented with cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) on feed intake and reproductive and productive post-weaning performances

Ordaz-Ochoa

Juárez-Caratachea

Pérez-Sánchez

et al. 2018

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The effect of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) added to the diet of lactating (21 days of lactation) sows on voluntary feed intake, and its impact on the productive and reproductive post-weaning performance was evaluated. Data collected of 72 farrowings from 37 hybrid sows were analyzed during 12-month period. The sows were divided into two groups: (i) control group (CG; n = 18 sows), sows fed only with commercial feed, and (ii) experimental group (EG; n = 19 sows), sows fed with commercial feed plus cactus supplement. The variables evaluated were blood glucose (BG), daily feed intake (DFI) and total feed intake (TFI), loss of body weight (LBW), weaning-estrus interval (WEI), and subsequent litter size (SLS). Data analysis was carried out using fixed effects models. A nested effect was found for farrowing number (FN) into of group and an interaction group × season on the analyzed variables (P < 0.001). EG observed lower levels of BG with 47.0 ± 7.9 mg dL−1 pre-prandial and 56.1 ± 5.9 mg dL−1 post-prandial at the 10th day of lactation (P < 0.05). DFI and TFI were higher in the sows of the EG independently of the FN and season (P < 0.05). No differeces were observed on the nested effect of FN into group on the levels of BG (P < 0.05). Autumn showed the higher TFI: 121.4 kg−1 sow−1 (P < 0.05). Sows from CG 3rd farrowing and from EG 4th farrowing observed higher LBW (13.8 and 6.9%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Summer showed a higher LBW with 12.7% for CG and 8.2% for EG (P < 0.05). EG showed a lower WEI (5.5 days) and greater SLS up to 1.8 piglets more depending upon the season (P < 0.05). The lactating sow’s diet supplemented with cactus can counterbalance the negative effects of lactational hypophagia due to reduction on levels of BG during lactation and an increase on DFI and, therefore, improves performance of LBW, WEI, and SLS.

show abstract

The metabolic status during the peri partum period affects the voluntary feed intake and the metabolism of the lactating multiparous sow

Cited by 55 publications

References 55 publications

Sows with high milk production had both a high feed intake and high body mobilization

Sows with high milk production had both a high feed intake and high body mobilization

Determination of protein and amino acid requirements of lactating sows using a population-based factorial approach

Effect of lactating sows’ diet supplemented with cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) on feed intake and reproductive and productive post-weaning performances

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