The metabolic regulation of dietary L‐carnitine in aquaculture nutrition: present status and future research strategies

Li, Ling‐Yu; Limbu, Samwel Mchele; Ma, Qiang; Chen, Liqiao; Zhang, Meiling; Du, Zhen‐Yu

doi:10.1111/raq.12289

Cited by 52 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(239 reference statements)

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“…The main pathway of fatty acid catabolism is β-oxidation in mitochondrial matrix and peroxisome (48) . Both CPT and ACO are key enzymes of fatty acid β-oxidation; CPTI can participate in long-chain fatty acid oxidation, catalysing the conversion of fatty acid CoA to fatty acid carnitines for entering the mitochondrial matrix, and the fatty acyl group is transferred back to CoA by a second enzyme, CPTII (49,50) . ACO is the rate-limiting enzyme for fatty acid β-oxidation in peroxisomes (48) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary lipid and n-3 long-chain PUFA levels impact growth performance and lipid metabolism of juvenile mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

et al. 2020

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An 8 weeks feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA levels on growth performance, tissue fatty acid profiles and relative expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Ten isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain five n-3 LC-PUFA levels at 7 % and 12 % dietary lipid levels. Highest weight gain and specific growth rate were observed in crabs fed the diets with 19.8 and 13.2 mg g-1 n-3 LC-PUFA at 7 % and 12 % lipid, respectively. Moisture and lipid contents in hepatopancreas and muscle were significantly influenced by dietary n-3 LC-PUFA at the two lipid levels. The DHA, EPA, n-3 LC-PUFA contents and n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio in hepatopancreas and muscle significantly increased as dietary n-3 LC-PUFA levels increased at both lipid levels. The expression levels of Δ6 FAD and ACO in hepatopancreas increased significantly, and expression levels of FAS, CPTⅠ and HSL were down-regulated, with increased dietary n-3 LC-PUFA regardless of lipid level. Based on weight gain, the n-3 LC-PUFA requirements of S. paramamosain were estimated to be 20.1 mg g-1 and 12.7 mg g-1 of diet at 7 % and 12 % dietary lipid, respectively. Over all, dietary lipid level influenced lipid metabolism, and purified, high-lipid diets rich in palmitic acid reduced the n-3 LC-PUFA requirement of juvenile mud crab.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary lipid and n-3 long-chain PUFA levels impact growth performance and lipid metabolism of juvenile mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

et al. 2020

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“…Two gene-knockout models (cpt1b −/− and pparab −/− ) were generated. Carnitine acyltransferase 1b (cpt1b) is a limiting enzyme of fatty acid β-oxidation, which plays a crucial role in transferring long-chain fatty acid from CoA to carnitine for oxidation in the mitochondrion (Li et al, 2018). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α is one of the nuclear receptors that promotes fatty acid β-oxidation and regulates lipid homeostasis (Madureira et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration and the Function of Intestinal Microbiota in High-Fat-Diet- or Genetics-Induced Lipid Accumulation

Qiao

Tan

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Diet and host genetics influence the composition of intestinal microbiota, yet few studies have compared the function of intestinal microbiota in the diet- or genotype-induced lipid deposition, which limits our understanding of the role of intestinal bacteria in metabolic disorders. The lipid accumulation in wild-type zebrafish fed with control (CON) or high-fat (HF) diet and two gene-knockout zebrafish lines (cpt1b–/– or pparab–/–) fed with control diet was measured after a 4-week feeding experiment. The intestinal microbiota composition of these groups was investigated using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing (DNA-based) and 16S rRNA sequencing (RNA-based). The HF diet or deficiency of two genes induced more weight gain and higher triglyceride content in the liver compared with their control group. 16S rRNA gene sequencing (DNA-based) indicated the decreased abundance of Proteobacteria in the HF group compared with CON, but there was no significant difference in bacterial α diversity among treatments. 16S rRNA sequencing (RNA-based) confirmed the decreased abundance of Proteobacteria and the bacterial α diversity in the HF group compared with CON. Deficiency of cpt1b or pparab showed less change in microbiota composition compared with their wild-type group. Intestinal microbiota of each group was transferred to germ-free zebrafish, and the quantification of Nile red staining indicated that the intestinal microbiota of the HF group induced more lipid accumulation compared with CON, whereas intestinal microbiota of cpt1b–/– and pparab–/– zebrafish did not. The results showed that RNA-based bacterial sequencing revealed more bacterial alteration than DNA-based bacterial sequencing. HF diet had a more dominant role in shaping gut microbiota composition to induce lipid accumulation compared with the gene-knockout of cpt1b or pparab in zebrafish, and the transplant of intestinal microbiota from HF-fed fish induced more lipid deposition in germ-free zebrafish. Together, these data suggested that a high-fat diet exerted a more dominant role over the deletion of cpt1b or pparab on the intestinal bacterial composition, which corresponded to lipid accumulation.

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“…Our results provide new insights into the regulatory roles of PPARα in metabolic homeostasis and fuel selection in fish. Moreover, unlike mammals, which use carbohydrate as the main energy source, fish preferentially use protein and lipid for energy production and have a poor ability to utilize dietary carbohydrates (Li et al 2019), suggesting the existence of different metabolic patterns between fish and mammals. Therefore, our pparab-knockout zebrafish could also provide a valuable model for understanding the functions of PPARα in different species from the aspects of comparative physiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peroxisomal proliferator‐activated receptor α‐b deficiency induces the reprogramming of nutrient metabolism in zebrafish

Jiang

et al. 2020

The Journal of Physiology

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The pparab subtype in zebrafish is much more highly expressed in tissues with high oxidative activity than pparaa. r The pparab deficiency in zebrafish reduces fatty acid β-oxidation both in liver and muscle, illustrating its functional homology as a mammalian peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). r pparab deficiency promotes metabolic reprogramming by increasing glucose utilization and inhibiting amino acid breakdown. r The present study brings new insights into the comprehensive regulatory roles of PPARα in the cellular fuel selection and provides a valuable animal model for PPARα studies from a viewpoint of comparative physiology.

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The metabolic regulation of dietary L‐carnitine in aquaculture nutrition: present status and future research strategies

Cited by 52 publications

References 176 publications

Dietary lipid and n-3 long-chain PUFA levels impact growth performance and lipid metabolism of juvenile mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

Dietary lipid and n-3 long-chain PUFA levels impact growth performance and lipid metabolism of juvenile mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

Alteration and the Function of Intestinal Microbiota in High-Fat-Diet- or Genetics-Induced Lipid Accumulation

Peroxisomal proliferator‐activated receptor α‐b deficiency induces the reprogramming of nutrient metabolism in zebrafish

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