The Metabolic Importance of Unabsorbed Dietary Lipids in the Colon

Vonk, Roelf; Kalivianakis, M; Minich, Deanna M.; Bijleveld, Cma; Verkade, Henkjan J.

doi:10.1080/00365521.1997.11720722

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The daily amount of fat was 6.4 g and was added as fresh cream. This dose is in agreement with a study of Vonk et al (42), which indicated that 6-8 g of fat can enter the colon. The proteins in the culture medium were derived from different sources: Nutrilon plus™ (12.9% protein) proteose peptone (80% protein), pancreatic juice (33% protein), fresh cream (3.3% protein) and mucin (15% protein).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Development of a Six-Stage Culture System for Simulating the Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Weaned Infants

Boever¹,

Wouters²,

Vermeirssen³

et al. 2001

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

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The development of a six-stage culture system simulating the microbial community present in the intestine of weaned infants is described. Plate counts of selected fecal indicator-organisms revealed high concentrations in the culture liquid of the simulator and these data paralleled those in infant feces. The metabolic patterns of the microbiota present in the model and the infant feces, compared by means of BIOLOG, revealed similar carbon utilization pro les. A genetic ngerprinting by means of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis generated a more complex banding pattern in the culture system than in infant feces. The three vessels representing the colon showed similar DGGE patterns, indicating a high stability of the dominant microbial species. Yet, high variability in terms of the dominant bacteria was observed in infant stools. The fermentative capacity of the in ×itro system, characterized by the concentration of volatile fatty acids and ammonium, was in accordance with the in ×i×o data. The enhanced production of propionate in ×itro is probably due to the high concentration of fermentable sugars in the culture medium and hence, a high fermentation rate. The elevated concentration of propionate, as well as valerate and caproate in ×itro suggests conditions favoring Megasphaera sp. fermentation. The data concerning microbial diversity and activity warrants further exploration of the in ×itro model as a tool for studying the impact of newly developed infant formulas, functional foods and pharmaceuticals on the gastrointestinal microbiota of infants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Development of a Six-Stage Culture System for Simulating the Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Weaned Infants

Boever¹,

Wouters²,

Vermeirssen³

et al. 2001

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

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“…Finally, the selective expression of CLA-1/SR-BI in the intestinal crypts of the small intestine and in large intestine, where the absorption of lipids is quantitatively much less important, suggests that CLA-1/SR-BI should have other function(s) in addition to lipid transport or serving as a safeguard molecule for those lipids not taken up in the proximal intestine. In this regard, putative interindividual variation of CLA-1/SR-BI expression in colon could be related to the development of colon diseases caused by unabsorbed lipid metabolites (Vonk et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of the Lipid Receptors CD36 and CLA-1/SR-BI in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract: Towards the Identification of Receptors Mediating the Intestinal Absorption of Dietary Lipids

Lobo

Huerta

Ruiz-Velasco

et al. 2001

J Histochem Cytochem.

129

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S U M M A R YThe scavenger receptors CLA-1/SR-BI and CD36 interact with native and modified lipoproteins and with some anionic phospholipids. In addition, CD36 binds/transports long-chain free fatty acids. Recent biochemical evidences indicates that the rabbit CLA-1/ SR-BI receptor can be detected in enterocytes, and previous studies showed the presence of mRNA for both CLA-1/SR-BI and CD36 in some segments of the intestinal tract. These findings prompted us to study their respective localization and distribution from the human stomach to the colorectal segments, using immunohistochemical methods. Their expression in the colorectal carcinoma-derived cell line Caco-2 was analyzed by Northern blotting. In the human intestinal tract, CLA-1/SR-BI was found in the brush-border membrane of enterocytes from the duodenum to the rectum. However, CD36 was found only in the duodenal and jejunal epithelium, whereas enterocytes from other intestinal segments were not stained. In the duodenum and jejunum, CD36 co-localized with CLA-1/SR-BI in the apical membrane of enterocytes. The gastric epithelium was immunonegative for both glycoproteins. We also found that CLA-1/SR-BI mRNA was expressed in Caco-2 cells and that its expression levels increased concomitantly with their differentiation. In contrast, the CD36 transcript was not found in this colon cell line, in agreement with the absence of this protein in colon epithelium. The specific localization of CLA-1/SR-BI and CD36 along the human gastrointestinal tract and their ability to interact with a large variety of lipids strongly support a physiological role for them in absorption of dietary lipids.

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“…The digestion and absorption of triglycerides is never complete (95-99%), implying that a mixture of glycerol, free fatty acids and undigested glycerides enters the colon (Hill, 1995;Vonk et al, 1997). The latter may be hydrolysed into free fatty acids and glycerol by bacterial lipases, which are common enzymes to a wide range of gut bacteria (Hill, 1995;Joshi & Vinay, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human faecal microbiota display variable patterns of glycerol metabolism

Weirdt

Possemiers

Vermeulen

et al. 2010

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

162

112

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Significant amounts of glycerol reach the colon microbiota daily through the diet and/or by in situ microbial production or release from desquamated epithelial cells. Some gut microorganisms may anaerobically reduce glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), with 3-hydroxypropanal as an intermediate. Accumulation of the latter intermediate may result in the formation of reuterin, which is known for its biological activity (e.g. antimicrobial properties). To date, glycerol metabolism in mixed cultures from the human colon has received little attention. Using in vitro batch incubations of faeces from 10 human individuals, we demonstrated that glycerol addition (140 mM) significantly affects the metabolism and composition of the microbial community. About a third of the samples exhibited rapid glycerol conversion, yielding proportionally higher levels of acetate and 1,3-PDO. In contrast, a slower glycerol metabolism resulted in higher levels of propionate. Furthermore, rapid glycerol metabolism correlated with significant shifts in the Lactobacillus-Enterococcus community, which were not observed in slower glycerol-metabolizing samples. As the conversion of glycerol to 1,3-PDO is a highly reducing process, we infer that the glycerol metabolism may act as an effective hydrogen sink. Given the importance of hydrogen-consuming processes in the gut, this work suggests that glycerol may have potential as a tool for modulating fermentation kinetics and profiles in the gastrointestinal tract.

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The Metabolic Importance of Unabsorbed Dietary Lipids in the Colon

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Development of a Six-Stage Culture System for Simulating the Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Weaned Infants

Development of a Six-Stage Culture System for Simulating the Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Weaned Infants

Localization of the Lipid Receptors CD36 and CLA-1/SR-BI in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract: Towards the Identification of Receptors Mediating the Intestinal Absorption of Dietary Lipids

Human faecal microbiota display variable patterns of glycerol metabolism

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