The Metabolic Effect of Adrenalectomy Upon the Urethanized Cat

Aub, Joseph C.; Bright, Elizabeth M.; Forman, J

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1922.61.2.349

Cited by 24 publications

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“…Urethane activated the adrenal medulla, which was in agreement with Kodama (1930), who recorded that the secretion of amines was prevented by section of the splanchnic nerves. Aub, Bright & Forman (1922) showed that the hyperglycaemia during urethane anaesthesia was due to the secretion of adrenaline from the adrenal gland, and De (1946) reported that this persistent hyperglycaemia was reduced after section of the hypothalamus. This evidence implied that there was a central excitation under the anaesthetic which induced the secretion of adrenaline from the adrenal gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urethane has been reported to induce hyperglycaemia (Seuffert & Ullrich, 1925), depression of inflammatory responses (Peng, 1930), leuococytopenia (Stein, 1949) and an increase in the basal metabolic rate (Aub, Bright & Forman, 1922), all conditions which may be associated with hyperactivity of the adrenal gland. The adrenaline content of the adrenal medulla, as well as the plasma and adrenal corticosterone and adrenal ascorbic acid, have been estimated to establish if the cortex and the medulla of the adrenal gland were affected by the anaesthetic and whether there was any inter-relationship.…”

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Urethane anaesthesia and pituitary-adrenal function in the rat

Spriggs

Stockham

1964

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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Urethane anaesthesia produced a prolonged hypersecretion of ACTH as shown by plasma and adrenal corticosterone and adrenal ascorbic acid changes. There was also a concurrent depletion of the adrenaline content of the adrenal gland. Adrenal demedullation did not prevent the steroid changes induced by the anaesthetic. Hyperactivity of the pituitary-adrenal axis for 24 hr in the urethane-anaesthetised rats did not prevent further alteration of steroid levels in response to a stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Urethane anaesthesia and pituitary-adrenal function in the rat

Spriggs

Stockham

1964

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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“…In addition to prolonged anaesthesia the acute effects are also considerable. There is enhanced adrenaline output (Aub, Bright & Forman, 1922), hyperglycaemia (Conybeare, Densham, Maizles & Pembrey, 1927) and prolonged hypersecretion of ACTH (Spriggs & Stockham, 1964). Its mode of anaesthetic action is obscure but Crescitelli (1948) showed that urethane causes hyperpolarization in the isolated sciatic nerve of the frog and Crawford & Curtis (1966) found that in the unanaesthetized cat cerveau isole' preparation micro-iontophoretic injection of large doses of urethane depressed the firing of some cells in the precruciate cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unit activity in rat diencephalic islands — the effect of anaesthetics

Cross¹,

Dyer²

1971

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Unit activity was recorded with steel micro-electrodes from 486 hypothalamic neurones in rat diencephalic island preparations.2. The histograms of firing frequencies for populations of hypothalamic units from unanaesthetized preparations and from those under urethane anaesthesia were not significantly different. The firing rates of both were significantly faster than those observed in intact brains under urethane.3. The mean distance between stable units in unanaesthetized island preparations did not differ significantly from that in preparations anaesthetized with urethane.4. The response of individual neurones to intravenous injections of urethane was variable, and apparently not associated with the onset or maintenance of anaesthesia. Some showed transient acceleration, some deceleration and some no change in rate or pattern of discharge.5. All neurones tested were slowed or stopped by intravenous injections of subanaesthetic doses of sodium methohexitone (Brietal). The responses were highly reproducible and dose-dependent.6. Brietal also produced a fall in arterial pressure and depressed respiration. Inhalation of amyl nitrite evoked larger hypotensive responses but did not affect unit activity; nor did inhalation of C02 (hypercapnia) or N20 (hypoxia).7. It is concluded that urethane anaesthesia is not associated with any direct action on hypothalamic neurones. The depression of firing rate in hypothalamic neurones induced by Brietal may represent an important forebrain mechanism in anaesthesia by this agent.

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“…This increase in PAR appears paradoxical at first sight in view of reports that urethane induces release of adrenal medulla catecholamines and elevation of circulating adrenaline levels in the cat (Aub, Bright & Forman, 1922), the rabbit (Hokfelt & MacLean, 1950) and the rat (Spriggs, 1965). Thus a decrease in PAR might have been expected.…”

Section: -Htmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Effects of Pentobarbitone and Urethane on Pulmonary Airway Resistance in Guinea‐pigs and Their Interactions With Drugs

Advenier

Boissier

et al. 1978

British J Pharmacology

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1Propranolol increased pulmonary airway resistance (PAR) in the conscious guinea-pig, whereas atropine had no effect, suggesting the existence of a continual sympathetic bronchodilator tone. 2 The direct bronchoconstrictor effects of histamine, acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine were modified by autonomic reflexes: a bronchodilator one, abolished by propranolol, and a cholinergic bronchoconstrictor one, seen with histamine. 3 Pentobarbitone increased PAR, an effect which was reduced by propranolol but which was unaffected by atropine. The bronchoconstrictor effects of histamine, acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine were potentiated by pentobarbitone. 4 Pentobarbitone therefore appears to inhibit the adrenergic bronchodilator tone and to depress adrenergic reflexes, these being the preponderant autonomic influences in these experiments. 5 Like pentobarbitone, urethane increased PAR in the conscious guinea-pig and potentiated the bronchoconstrictor effects of the three amines. These actions are similarly attributed to a reduction in adrenergic influences.

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The Metabolic Effect of Adrenalectomy Upon the Urethanized Cat

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Urethane anaesthesia and pituitary-adrenal function in the rat

Urethane anaesthesia and pituitary-adrenal function in the rat

Unit activity in rat diencephalic islands — the effect of anaesthetics

The Effects of Pentobarbitone and Urethane on Pulmonary Airway Resistance in Guinea‐pigs and Their Interactions With Drugs

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