The metabolic and genetic diversity of soil bacterial communities depends on the soil management system and C/N dynamics: The case of sustainable and conventional olive groves

Sofo, Adriano; Ricciuti, Patrizia; Fausto, Catia; Mininni, Alba Nicoletta; Crecchio, Carmine; Scagliola, Marina; Malerba, Anna Daniela; Xiloyannis, Cristos; Dichio, Bartolomeo

doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.12.022

Cited by 32 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Additionally, increasing SOM level enhances soil ability to hold water, also reducing reduce soil erosion. This stored water can better sustain tree crops, especially during drought-stressed years [10]. In addition to benefiting the climate, less fertilizer use can decrease off-farm water pollution, reducing economic costs for farmers [22].…”

Section: The Scenario: Soil Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the adoption of non-sustainable agricultural practices reduces soil biodiversity due to the host specificity of many of the soil bacteria and fungi and the higher trophic level organisms (micro-and mesofauna) that they attract [6,7]. Examples include negative effects of tillage, mineral fertilizers and pesticides on the genetic, functional and metabolic diversity of soil microorganisms [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the importance of microorganisms (particularly of bacteria and fungi) in orchard agrosystems has been extensively and recently highlighted [4,5,[9][10][11], the role of soil fauna-and particularly of macrofauna-to ecosystem services has been often overlooked [12,13], while it should seriously be taken into account in land management strategies that are not only focused on fruit production. Indeed, in a holistic and realistic vision of orchard agrosystems, most soil processes and biogeochemical cycles are regulated not only by soil microbial communities but by the whole soil-food web [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the drivers of soil biological fertility linked to soil management in orchard soils, many can be determined, but soil macrofauna abundance has been scarcely explored. A wide range of studies in orchard soils pointed out that this factor is strongly and positively related to the application of sustainable and conservation agricultural practices, such as no-or minimum soil tillage, use of organic fertilizers (e.g., compost addition), guided irrigation, and recycling of polygenic carbon sources (such as cover crops and pruning material), applied alone or in combination [4,9,10]. Abundant soil macrofauna can contribute to the creation of heterogeneous ecological niches and favorable microclimates that in turn increase genetic, functional and metabolic soil diversity of the soil microflora involved in nutrient cycles, so enhancing soil quality and fertility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Macrofauna: A key Factor for Increasing Soil Fertility and Promoting Sustainable Soil Use in Fruit Orchard Agrosystems

2020

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Soils and crops in orchard agrosystems are particularly vulnerable to climate change and environmental stresses. In many orchard soils, soil biodiversity and the ecosystem services it provides are under threat from a range of natural and manmade drivers. In this scenario, sustainable soil use aimed at increasing soil organic matter (SOM) and SOM-related benefits, in terms of soil quality and fertility, plays a crucial role. The role of soil macrofaunal organisms as colonizers, comminutors and engineers within soils, together with their interactions with microorganisms, can contribute to the long-term sustainability of orchard soils. Indeed, the continuous physical and chemical action of soil fauna significantly affects SOM levels. This review paper is focused on the most advanced and updated research on this argument. The analysis of the literature highlighted that a significant part of soil quality and fertility in sustainably-managed fruit orchard agrosystems is due to the action of soil macrofauna, together with its interaction with decomposing microorganisms. From the general analysis of the data obtained, it emerged that the role of soil macrofauna in orchards agrosystems should be seriously taken into account in land management strategies, focusing not exclusively on fruit yield and quality, but also on soil fertility restoration.

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Section: The Scenario: Soil Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Macrofauna: A key Factor for Increasing Soil Fertility and Promoting Sustainable Soil Use in Fruit Orchard Agrosystems

2020

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“…Labile organic carbon plays an important role in maintaining fertility and reflecting changes in soil carbon storage, and it is more sensitive to changes in the microenvironment than other forms of organic carbon [6][7][8]. As the main players and regulators of soil nutrient cycles and biochemical processes, soil microbes are one of the most active components in terrestrial ecosystems [9]. Soil microbes play a vital role in plant litter decomposition, which further affects soil physical and chemical properties [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Organic Carbon Content and Microbial Functional Diversity Were Lower in Monospecific Chinese Hickory Stands than in Natural Chinese Hickory–Broad-Leaved Mixed Forests

Wang

Lin

et al. 2019

Forests

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To assess the effects of long-term intensive management on soil carbon cycle and microbial functional diversity, we sampled soil in Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) stands managed intensively for 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and in reference Chinese hickory–broad-leaved mixed forest (NMF) stands. We analyzed soil total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) contents, applied 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis for structural analysis, and determined microbial carbon source usage. TOC, MBC, and WSOC contents and the MBC to TOC ratios were lower in the intensively managed stands than in the NMF stands. The organic carbon pool in the stands managed intensively for twenty years was more stable, indicating that the easily degraded compounds had been decomposed. Diversity and evenness in carbon source usage by the microbial communities were lower in the stands managed intensively for 15 and 20 years. Based on carbon source usage, the longer the management time, the less similar the samples from the monospecific Chinese hickory stands were with the NMF samples, indicating that the microbial community compositions became more different with increased management time. The results call for changes in the management of the hickory stands to increase the soil carbon content and restore microbial diversity.

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Temporal dynamics of total and active prokaryotic communities in two Mediterranean orchard soils treated with solid anaerobic digestate or managed under no-tillage

et al. 2021

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A field experiment was carried out to investigate the impact of two improved tillage systems (conventional tillage combined with the incorporation of solid anaerobic digestate, no-tillage) on the prokaryotic community composition in two tree orchard (olive, citrus) soils with contrasting texture, carbonate content, and pH, located in Southern Italy. Soil samples were taken over a 5-month period to assess immediate (2 days) vs short-term (7 and 18 weeks) responses. Phylogenetic diversity and compositional shifts of both total and metabolically active soil prokaryotic communities were assessed by next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA gene templates from soil-extracted DNA/RNA. In both digestate-treated soils, copiotrophic α-Proteobacteria and oligotrophic Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Verrucomicrobia showed an immediate (2 days) but short-lived (7 weeks) shift in their relative abundance similar in persistence but not in magnitude; whereas selective soil type-dependent responses were observed for Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetes. The autochthonous soil microbiota demonstrated resilience to the addition of the anaerobic digestate, which was dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Deinococcus-Thermus, and Euryarchaeota (Methanomicrobia). Likewise, a temporary increase in the relative abundances of copiotrophic taxa (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Thaumarchaeota) was observed under conventional tillage, especially in the sandy loam (citrus) soil. Conversely, no-tillage favored the establishment of oligotrophic Chloroflexi and Verrucomicrobia in both soils. The active and the total prokaryotic communities differed from each other only in physically disturbed soils. Soil management induced compositional shifts in the predominant microbial copiotrophic/oligotrophic community balance, whose persistence was linked to the tillage system, while magnitude depended on soil type.

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The metabolic and genetic diversity of soil bacterial communities depends on the soil management system and C/N dynamics: The case of sustainable and conventional olive groves

Cited by 32 publications

References 34 publications

Soil Macrofauna: A key Factor for Increasing Soil Fertility and Promoting Sustainable Soil Use in Fruit Orchard Agrosystems

Soil Macrofauna: A key Factor for Increasing Soil Fertility and Promoting Sustainable Soil Use in Fruit Orchard Agrosystems

Soil Organic Carbon Content and Microbial Functional Diversity Were Lower in Monospecific Chinese Hickory Stands than in Natural Chinese Hickory–Broad-Leaved Mixed Forests

Temporal dynamics of total and active prokaryotic communities in two Mediterranean orchard soils treated with solid anaerobic digestate or managed under no-tillage

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