The Mesozoic Marine Revolution

Harper, Elizabeth M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0161-9_19

Cited by 76 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The main layers affecting to the mechanical strength are mesostracum and in lesser extent hypostracum. Periostracum layer has the lowest participation in mechanical protection (Harper and Skelton 1993;Ishikawa and Kase 2007). Mesostracum exhibits various crystals orientations in different bivalve species as was shown in this paper.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…in Pecten maximus (Linnaeus, 1758). Scallops belong to the socalled free lying bivalve molluscs, therefore, they are the most exposed for potential attack (Harper and Skelton 1993;Piechocki 2009;Brom et al 2016). The bivalve M. edulis represent epifaunal mode of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It attached to rocks and other hard substrates by strong and elastic threadlike structures called byssal threads, secreted by byssal glands (Thompson 1979). For this reason, it belongs to byssally attached bivalve ecological category (Harper and Skelton 1993). Byssal thread production is also considered as anti-predator adaptations (Cheung et al 2006;Caro et al 2008;López et al 2010), bivalves like Asian green mussel (Perna viridis, Mytilinae) and Brachidontes variabilis (also Mytilinae) increased byssal thread production, as well as the thicker and longer byssal threads when they were exposed to shell-crushing crabs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barthelat al. 2009;Harper and Skelton 1993). This strength is critical to the survival of predator attacks and the dissipation of hydrostatic pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological diversity of microstructures occurring in selected recent bivalve shells and their ecological implications

Brom

Szopa²

2016

Contemporary Trends in Geoscience

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Environmental adaptation of molluscs during evolution has led to form biomineral exoskeleton -shell. The main compound of their shells is calcium carbonate, which is represented by calcite and/or aragonite. The mineral part, together with the biopolymer matrix, forms many types of microstructures, which are differ in texture. Different types of internal shell microstructures are characteristic for some bivalve groups. Studied bivalve species (freshwater species -duck mussel (Anodonta anatina Linnaeus, 1758) and marine speciescommon cockle (Cerastoderma edule Linnaeus, 1758), lyrate Asiatic hard clam (Meretrix lyrata Sowerby II, 1851) and blue mussel (Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758)) from different locations and environmental conditions, show that the internal shell microstructure with the shell morphology and thickness have critical impact to the ability to survive in changing environment and also to the probability of surviving predator attack. Moreover, more detailed studies on molluscan structures might be responsible for create mechanically resistant nanomaterials.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barthelat al. 2009;Harper and Skelton 1993). This strength is critical to the survival of predator attacks and the dissipation of hydrostatic pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological diversity of microstructures occurring in selected recent bivalve shells and their ecological implications

Brom

Szopa²

2016

Contemporary Trends in Geoscience

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“…Whereas the shell as a whole may be primarily for protection of the soft tissue inside the bivalve shell, ornamentation on the shell may serve a variety of purposes. Bivalve ornamentation has been postulated to be important for a variety of functions including maintaining a stable life position in the sediment, burrowing, shell strengthening, directing inhalant and exhalant currents, and protecting against predators (e.g., Trueman et al 1966;Carter 1967Carter , 1968Kauffman 1969;Stanley 1970Stanley , 1981Stanley , 1988Aller 1974;Thomas 1975;Arua and Hoque 1987;Harper and Skelton 1993;Kelley and Hansen 1996;Stone 1998;Harper and Kelley 2012). An anti-predatory function of ornamentation has also been suggested for Paleozoic and Mesozoic brachiopods (Leighton 2001(Leighton , 2003Vörös 2010;Johnsen et al 2013), Cretaceous and Paleogene ostracods (Reyment 1967;Reyment et al 1987), Jurassic nautiloids and ammonoids (Bardhan and Halder 2000;Kröger 2002), modern barnacles (Palmer 1982), and modern and fossil marine and continental gastropods (e.g., Bertness and Cunningham 1981;Arua and Hoque 1987;Donovan et al 1999;Paul et al 2013;Liew and Schilthuizen 2014), although Yochelson et al (1983) suggested that predation intensity on the sub-Holocene scaphopod Dentalium laqueatum increased with more ribs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shell ornamentation as a likely exaptation: evidence from predatory drilling on Cenozoic bivalves

Klompmaker¹,

Kelley²

2015

Paleobiology

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Abstract.-Predation is an important process in modern oceans and in the evolutionary history of marine ecosystems. Consequently, it has been hypothesized that shelled prey modified their ornamentation in response to predation. However, bivalve ornamentation has also been argued to be important in maintaining a stable life position in the sediment and in burrowing. To test whether concentric ribs were effective against drilling by carnivorous gastropods, we examined drill hole position and completeness for four Cenozoic bivalve species that differ in rib strength (Astarte radiata, A. goldfussi, Lirophora glyptocyma, and L. latilirata). The percentage of drill holes located between the ribs increases with increasing rib strength, whereas the percentage of drill holes on top of ribs decreases. This result suggests that gastropods select the drill hole site more effectively as rib strength increases, thereby saving time and energy, and that natural selection favors gastropods that select drill hole sites between ribs. Because of this greater stereotypy, the percentage of drill holes that are incomplete is generally lower in strongly ribbed species. The proportion of drill holes located on top of ribs is greater for incomplete than complete holes, implying that ribs can be effective against predators, but only when selected as the drilling location. We show that ribs are most effective against drilling predation for bivalves with moderately sized ribs, between which gastropods have difficulty siting drill holes. Concentric ribs are unlikely to have evolved as an adaptation against drilling predation because concentric ribs evolved in the Paleozoic and were already common in the Mesozoic, whereas drilling frequency increased later, in the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene. Moreover, rib strength of North American Astarte did not change through this time interval. Thus, the ribs considered here are a likely exaptation to drilling given their effectiveness at deterring drilling predation on bivalves with moderate ribs.

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Ecologically Driven Ultrastructural and Hydrodynamic Designs in Stomatopod Cuticles

et al. 2018

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Ecological pressures and varied feeding behaviors in a multitude of organisms have necessitated the drive for adaptation. One such change is seen in the feeding appendages of stomatopods, a group of highly predatory marine crustaceans. Stomatopods include "spearers," who ambush and snare soft bodied prey, and "smashers," who bludgeon hard-shelled prey with a heavily mineralized club. The regional substructural complexity of the stomatopod dactyl club from the smashing predator Odontodactylus scyllarus represents a model system in the study of impact tolerant biominerals. The club consists of a highly mineralized impact region, a characteristic Bouligand architecture (common to arthropods), and a unique section of the club, the striated region, composed of highly aligned sheets of mineralized fibers. Detailed ultrastructural investigations of the striated region within O. scyllarus and a related species of spearing stomatopod, Lysiosquillina maculate show consistent organization of mineral and organic, but distinct differences in macro-scale architecture. Evidence is provided for the function and substructural exaptation of the striated region, which facilitated redeployment of a raptorial feeding appendage as a biological hammer. Moreover, given the need to accelerate underwater and "grab" or "smash" their prey, the spearer and smasher appendages are specifically designed with a significantly reduced drag force.

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The Mesozoic Marine Revolution

Cited by 76 publications

References 75 publications

Morphological diversity of microstructures occurring in selected recent bivalve shells and their ecological implications

Morphological diversity of microstructures occurring in selected recent bivalve shells and their ecological implications

Shell ornamentation as a likely exaptation: evidence from predatory drilling on Cenozoic bivalves

Ecologically Driven Ultrastructural and Hydrodynamic Designs in Stomatopod Cuticles

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