The mesenchymal stem cells play the recovery role of kidney function even in an adverse high sodium environment. An experimental study

Abstract

Background: The high sodium consumption continues, and renal disease development is increasing and is a concern. It is a challenge to overcome these two factors simultaneously to control the increase of acute and chronic renal disease. The present study was designed to experimentally evaluate the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) treatment in ischemia-reperfusion injury under a chronic high sodium environment. Method: Eight weeks old male adult Wistar rats received a normal sodium diet (NSD, 1,3%NaCl) or high sodium diet (HSD, 8,0% NaCl), and renal arteria of both kidneys underwent ischemia and reperfusion (IR) for 45 minutes, or they were submitted to the sham procedure for the control group (SHAM). In both diet groups, we delivered 2x106 MSC (IR+MSC) or phosphate buffer solution (IR+PBS) intraperitoneal at the reperfusion moment. Tail blood pressure (tBP), renal function and histology, and stress oxidative were evaluated after 10 weeks of IR or Sham groups. Results: the blood pressure increased with HSD; however, the MSC treatment decreased it. Although the urea serum increased in the HSD group with MSC treatment, the creatinine clearance increased, and the fraction of sodium excretion decreased. Urine protein and albumin were not different between diet groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) which evaluates oxidative status, increased, and serum uric acid evaluates anti-oxidative status, decreased with MSC treatment in rats fed HSD. The macrophage (ED1) infiltration decreased with MSC treatment in the renal cortex in both diet groups, while no change was observed in TGF-β. Conclusion: the mesenchymal stem cells recover kidney function even in an adverse high sodium environment, although the oxidative stress increases. This experimental evidence can contribute to following cellular therapy for acute kidney diseases.