The Mental Health of Black Caribbean Immigrants: Results from the National Survey of American Life

Williams, David R.; Haile, Rahwa; González, Hector M.; Neighbors, Harold W.; Baser, Raymond E.; Jackson, James S.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2006.088211

Cited by 312 publications

(277 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These beliefs may operate as barriers against promotion of depression treatment among Blacks. Thus, improvement of screening, diagnoses, and treatment of depression among Blacks may require enormous efforts [45,49,50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Reciprocal Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Number of Chronic Medical Conditions: Longitudinal Support for Black–White Health Paradox

Assari

Burgard

Zivin

2015

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

121

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Background Previous research has identified a Black-White health paradox, which can be defined as less frequent depression despite a higher prevalence of chronic medical conditions among Blacks compared to Whites in the USA. Based on this paradox, we would expect weaker associations between chronic medical conditions and depression among Blacks than Whites. However, the literature on this topic is mostly crosssectional and has provided findings that contradict the BlackWhite health paradox. The present longitudinal study extends prior research by assessing Black-White differences in reciprocal associations between number of chronic medical conditions and depressive symptoms over a 25-year period.Methods Data came from the Americans' Changing Lives Study that followed 1034 surviving Black and White respondents for 25 years from 1986 to 2011. Chronic medical conditions were measured based on a count of self-reported physician diagnoses including hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease, heart disease, stroke, cancer, and arthritis at baseline (1986) and follow-up (2011). Depressive symptoms were also measured at baseline and follow-up using a 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Multi-group structural equation modeling was used to assess reciprocal associations between baseline and subsequent depressive symptoms and baseline and subsequent chronic medical conditions comparing Black and White respondents. Results Among White but not Black respondents, a higher number of chronic medical conditions at baseline predicted a greater increase in depressive symptoms over 25 years of follow-up. Among Whites but not Blacks, individuals with more depressive symptoms at baseline developed more chronic medical conditions over time. Conclusion Findings documented Black-White differences in reciprocal associations between chronic medical conditions and depressive symptoms over time. Our study provides longitudinal evidence for the Black-White health paradox across mid and later life, as reciprocal associations between depression and chronic medical conditions were weaker for Blacks compared to Whites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Reciprocal Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Number of Chronic Medical Conditions: Longitudinal Support for Black–White Health Paradox

Assari

Burgard

Zivin

2015

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

121

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“…1,2 Whites have higher rates of mental disorders compared with Hispanics, 43 Asians, 43,44 and blacks 45 (although this finding may be related to Abbreviations: ADT, androgen deprivation therapy; EM, expectant management; OR, odds ratio; RP, radical prostatectomy; RT, radiation therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Depression on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Mortality of Men With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer

Prasad

Eggener

Lipsitz

et al. 2014

JCO

115

110

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Purpose Although demographic, clinicopathologic, and socioeconomic differences may affect treatment and outcomes of prostate cancer, the effect of mental health disorders remains unclear. We assessed the effect of previously diagnosed depression on outcomes of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Patients and Methods We performed a population-based observational cohort study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked data of 41,275 men diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer from 2004 to 2007. We identified 1,894 men with a depressive disorder in the 2 years before the prostate cancer diagnosis and determined its effect on treatment and survival. Results Men with depressive disorder were older, white or Hispanic, unmarried, resided in nonmetropolitan areas and areas of lower median income, and had more comorbidities (P < .05 for all), but there was no variation in clinicopathologic characteristics. In adjusted analyses, men with depressive disorder were more likely to undergo expectant management for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease (P ≤ .05, respectively). Conversely, depressed men were less likely to undergo definitive therapy (surgery or radiation) across all risk strata (P < .01, respectively). Depressed men experienced worse overall mortality across risk strata (low: relative risk [RR], 1.86; 95% CI, 1.48 to 2.33; P < .001; intermediate: RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.49; P = .01; high: RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.32; P = .02). Conclusion Men with intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer and a recent diagnosis of depression are less likely to undergo definitive treatment and experience worse overall survival. The effect of depression disorders on prostate cancer treatment and survivorship warrants further study, because both conditions are relatively common in men in the United States.

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“…A similar effect of migration has not been found for mood disorders in the United Kingdom, 41 but there is evidence for an increase in the prevalence of common mental disorders among men (but not women) from the Caribbean after migrating to the US. 42 These issues have not been studied in Canada, although exposure to racism and discrimination has been shown to have negative effects on the mental health of immigrants and refugees. [43][44][45] Migration involves three major sets of transitions: changes in personal ties and the reconstruction of social networks, the move from one socio-economic system to another, and the shift from one cultural system to another.…”

Section: How Does Migration Affect Mental Health?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: general approach in primary care

Kirmayer

Narasiah

Muňoz

et al. 2010

Canadian Medical Association Journal

1,028

849

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The Mental Health of Black Caribbean Immigrants: Results from the National Survey of American Life

Cited by 312 publications

References 37 publications

Long-Term Reciprocal Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Number of Chronic Medical Conditions: Longitudinal Support for Black–White Health Paradox

Long-Term Reciprocal Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Number of Chronic Medical Conditions: Longitudinal Support for Black–White Health Paradox

Effect of Depression on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Mortality of Men With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer

Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: general approach in primary care

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