The Mental Activity and eXercise (MAX) Trial

Barnes, Deborah E.; Santos-Modesitt, Wendy; Poelke, Gina; Kramer, Arthur F.; Castro, Cynthia M.; Middleton, Laura; Yaffe, Kristine

doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.189

Cited by 312 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These results are in line with Barnes et al 27 , who reported significant improvement in both groups participating in his controlled study. Several cognitive and functional deficits have reversible causes 28 and the use of computers is associated with the slowing of cognitive decline and decrease in the incidence of dementia 6,7,8,16,17,18,19 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Cognitive cooperation groups mediated by computers and internet present significant improvement of cognitive status in older adults with memory complaints: a controlled prospective study

Krug

Quialheiro

Schneider

et al. 2017

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Objective To estimate the effect of participating in cognitive cooperation groups, mediated by computers and the internet, on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) percent variation of outpatients with memory complaints attending two memory clinics. Methods A prospective controlled intervention study carried out from 2006 to 2013 with 293 elders. The intervention group (n = 160) attended a cognitive cooperation group (20 sessions of 1.5 hours each). The control group (n = 133) received routine medical care. Outcome was the percent variation in the MMSE. Control variables included gender, age, marital status, schooling, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypothyroidism, depression, vascular diseases, polymedication, use of benzodiazepines, exposure to tobacco, sedentary lifestyle, obesity and functional capacity. The final model was obtained by multivariate linear regression. Results The intervention group obtained an independent positive variation of 24.39% (CI 95% = 14.86/33.91) in the MMSE compared to the control group. Conclusion The results suggested that cognitive cooperation groups, mediated by computers and the internet, are associated with cognitive status improvement of older adults in memory clinics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Cognitive cooperation groups mediated by computers and internet present significant improvement of cognitive status in older adults with memory complaints: a controlled prospective study

Krug

Quialheiro

Schneider

et al. 2017

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More RCTs with longer follow-up time periods are needed to examine the impact of exercise on cognitive function in an effort to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment in adults vulnerable to develop dementia in later life. In addition, future studies should more rigorously examine other lifestyle factors that influence cognitive function, including dietary factors (Scarmeas et al, 2009) and cognitive activities (Barnes et al, 2013; Valenzuela & Sachdev, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of aerobic exercise on neurobehavioral outcomes

Smith

Potter

McLaren

et al. 2013

Mental Health and Physical Activity

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Numerous studies have examined the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function, demonstrating that greater physical activity is associated with lower incidence of cognitive impairment in later life. Due to an increasingly large number of older adults at risk for cognitive impairment, the relationship between physical activity and cognition has garnered increasing public health relevance and multiple randomized trials have demonstrated that exercise interventions among sedentary adults improve cognitive performance in multiple domains of function. This article will examine the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function by reviewing several different areas of literature, including the prevalence of cognitive impairment, assessment methods, observational studies examining physical activity and cognition, and intervention studies. The present review is intended to provide a historical tutorial of existing literature linking physical activity, exercise, and cognitive function among both healthy and clinical populations.

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“…The Mental Activity and eXercise (MAX) RCT of126 inactive, older adults with memory complaints demonstrated that a 12-week program of combined physical plus mental activitywas associated with small, significant improvements in global cognitive function regardless of the types of physical activity (aerobic vs. stretching/toning) and mental activity (intensive vs. educational videos). 63 Observational studies suggest that the Mediterranean diet also may reduce the risk of converting from MCI to dementia. 64 …”

Section: Counseling On Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diagnosis and Management of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Langa

Levine

2014

JAMA

922

707

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Importance Cognitive decline is a common and feared aspect of aging. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is defined as the “symptomatic pre-dementia stage” on the continuum of cognitive decline, characterized by objective impairment in cognition that is not severe enough to require help with usual activities of daily living. Objective To present evidence on the diagnosis,treatment, and prognosis of MCI, and to provide physicians with an evidence-based framework for caring for older MCI patients and their caregivers. Evidence Acquisition We searched PubMed for English-language articles in peer-reviewed journals and the Cochrane Library database through July 2014. Relevant references from retrieved articles were also evaluated. Findings The prevalence of MCI in adults aged ≥65 years is 10- 20%; risk increases with age, and men appear to be at higher risk than women. In older MCI patients, clinicians shouldconsider depression, polypharmacy, and uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factors, all of which may increase risk for cognitive impairment and other negative outcomes. Currently, no medications have proven effective for MCI; treatments and interventions should be aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk factors and prevention of stroke. Aerobic exercise, mental activity, and social engagement may help decrease risk of further cognitive decline. Although patients with MCI are at greater risk of developing dementia compared withthe general population, there is currently substantial variation in risk estimates (from <5% to 20% annual conversion rates), depending on the population studied.Current research is aimed at improving early detection and treatment of MCI, particularly in patients at high risk for progression to dementia. Conclusions and Relevance Cognitive decline and MCI have important implications for patients and their families, and will require that primary care clinicians be skilled in identifying and managing this common disorder as the number of older adults increases in coming decades. Current evidence supports aerobic exercise, mental activity, and cardiovascular risk factor control in patients with MCI.

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The Mental Activity and eXercise (MAX) Trial

Cited by 312 publications

References 47 publications

Cognitive cooperation groups mediated by computers and internet present significant improvement of cognitive status in older adults with memory complaints: a controlled prospective study

Cognitive cooperation groups mediated by computers and internet present significant improvement of cognitive status in older adults with memory complaints: a controlled prospective study

Impact of aerobic exercise on neurobehavioral outcomes

The Diagnosis and Management of Mild Cognitive Impairment

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