The Menispermaceae of Malesia and Adjacent Areas: VI: Pycnarrhena, Macrococculus &amp; Haematocarpus

Forman, L. L.

doi:10.2307/4120303

Cited by 9 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…We decided to focus on fossil endocarps as they are abundant and therefore well represented in the fossil record (Jacques, 2009a). Moreover, endocarps belonging to extant taxa have been studied extensively (Forman, 1956(Forman, , 1957(Forman, , 1960(Forman, , 1962(Forman, , 1968(Forman, , 1972a(Forman, , b, 1974(Forman, , 1975(Forman, , 1978(Forman, , 1981(Forman, , 1984(Forman, , 1985(Forman, , 1997(Forman, , 2007Thanikaimoni, 1984;Jacques, 2009b). The 34 fossils included in this study are listed in Table 1 along with stratigraphic data and absolute age of each taxon.…”

Section: Fossil Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus we only coded the endocarp characters. To code these characters in extant plants, personal observations, published morphological descriptions, and earlier morphology-based phylogenetic studies were used (Diels, 1910;Forman, 1956Forman, , 1957Forman, , 1960Forman, , 1962Forman, , 1968Forman, , 1972aForman, , b, 1974Forman, , 1975Forman, , 1978Forman, , 1981Forman, , 1984Forman, , 1985Forman, , 1997Forman, , 2007Troupin, 1962;Thanikaimoni, 1984;Jacques & Bertolino, 2008;Jacques, 2009b). When no data were available for a species, the generic characters were used, leaving the Table 2.…”

Section: Morphological Character Codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrating fossils in a molecular-based phylogeny and testing them as calibration points for divergence time estimates in Menispermaceae

Jacques

Wang

Ortiz

et al. 2010

Journal of Systematics and Evolution

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The phylogeny of extant Menispermaceae (Ranunculales) is reconstructed based on DNA sequences of two chloroplast genes (rbcL and atpB) from 94 species belonging to 56 genera. Fossilized endocarps represent 34 genera. The positions of these are inferred using 30 morphological characters and the molecular phylogeny as a backbone constraint. Nine of the thirteen nodes that are each dated by a fossil are used as calibration points for the estimates of molecular divergence times. BEAST is used to estimate stem age (121.2 Myr) and crown age (105.4 Myr) for Menispermaceae. This method does not require an input tree topology and can also account for rate heterogeneity among lineages. The sensitivity of these estimates to fossil constraints is then evaluated by a cross‐validation procedure. The estimated origin for Menispermaceae is dated to the mid‐Jurassic if the customary maximum age of 125 Myr for eudicots is not implemented. All constraints when used alone failed to estimate node ages in some parts of the tree. Fossils from the Palaeocene and Eocene impose strict constraints. Likewise, the use of Prototinomiscium as a dating constraint for Menispermaceae appears to be a conservative approach.

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Section: Fossil Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphological Character Codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating fossils in a molecular-based phylogeny and testing them as calibration points for divergence time estimates in Menispermaceae

Jacques

Wang

Ortiz

et al. 2010

Journal of Systematics and Evolution

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“…Traditionally, Haematocarpus , Eleutharrhena and Pycnarrhena were placed in the same tribe, Triclisieae (= Tiliacoreae sensu Ortiz & al., 2016) (e.g., Diels, 1910; Forman, 1975), which could be the reason why the triplinerved species was sometimes called “ E. macrocarpa ”. Haematocarpus contains two species, H. validus distributed in Assam, Sumatra and Java and H. subpeltatus distributed in Borneo, Celebes and the Philippines (Forman, 1972). The triplinerved “ E. macrocarpa ” and H. subpeltatus have the same peltate leaves, i.e., petiole inserts c. 1 mm from basal margin of lamina (suppl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analyses and modelling distributions guide conservation of a critically endangered liana species, Eleutharrhena macrocarpa (Menispermaceae)

Lian

Shen

Ortiz

et al. 2021

TAXON

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Phylogenetic analyses can provide an accurate identification for endangered species, which is a prerequisite for their conservation. Understanding how threats shape the current realized niche of declining species can effectively improve conservation policies. In this study, we used molecular data to identify the real Eleutharrhena macrocarpa, a critically endangered species in Yunnan, China. A niche reduction approach was used to model its range change by predicting the historic and current distributions. Our subfamily-wide phylogenetic analyses based on five plastid DNA regions indicate that the E. macrocarpa with pinnate-nerved leaves is real and is a member of Tiliacoreae, whereas the so-called E. macrocarpa with triplinerved leaves is actually Haematocarpus subpeltatus, which is for the first time reported to be distributed in China. Our subsequent analyses of Tiliacoreae using seven plastid and two nuclear DNA regions further support Eleutharrhena as a distinctly monotypic genus and as sister to Pycnarrhena. Among the four prevalent barcodes in plants, three plastid DNA fragments (rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA) failed to discriminate E. macrocarpa from Pycnarrhena; however, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions could well recognize this endangered species. The distributional range of E. macrocarpa has undergone a dramatic contraction over the last 100 years and may further shrink southwestwards in the future. This dramatic range contraction might be associated with habitat loss due to increasing drought and expansion of rubber plantation. We point out the need for in situ conservation of E. macrocarpa populations, and suggest to establish a large nature reserve in southern and western Yunnan to effectively protect E. macrocarpa and other declining species that exhibit similar distribution and habitat requirements. This study highlights the significance of taxonomy and molecular phylogenetics in biological conservation.

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“…Detection of the alkaloids was made with Dragendorffs reagent or with FeCl3 (0.5M, 1 ml) in perchloric acid (35%, 50 ml) and heat. The following alkaloids were isolated (percentage/ crude bases), all amorphous: (+)-norobamegine [1] (30%), (+)-2-norberbamine (2]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids of Pycnarrhena ozantha

Abouchacra¹,

Leboeuf²,

Guinaudeau³

et al. 1987

J. Nat. Prod.

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The Menispermaceae of Malesia and Adjacent Areas: VI: Pycnarrhena, Macrococculus & Haematocarpus

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Integrating fossils in a molecular-based phylogeny and testing them as calibration points for divergence time estimates in Menispermaceae

Integrating fossils in a molecular-based phylogeny and testing them as calibration points for divergence time estimates in Menispermaceae

Phylogenetic analyses and modelling distributions guide conservation of a critically endangered liana species, Eleutharrhena macrocarpa (Menispermaceae)

The Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids of Pycnarrhena ozantha

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