The menace within: bacterial amyloids as a trigger for autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases

Elkins, Molly; Jain, Neha; Tükel, Çagla

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2024.102473

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 97 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Staphylococcus aureus are some of the many bacterial species that produce functional extracellular amyloid fibers [105]. Curli amyloid and its homologs, derived from enteric biofilms, have been connected to neurodegeneration and autoimmunity; nevertheless, the specific conditions under which bacterial amyloids impact these diseases need further examination [106].…”

Section: Evs and Mental Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of Human Gut Bacteria Extracellular Vesicles in Mental Disorders and Developing New Pharmaceuticals

Louka,

Koumandou

2024

CIMB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, further evidence has emerged regarding the involvement of extracellular vesicles in various human physiopathological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and mental disorders. The biogenesis and cargo of such vesicles may reveal their impact on human health nd disease and set the underpinnings for the development of novel chemical compounds and pharmaceuticals. In this review, we examine the link between bacteria-derived exosomes in the gastrointestinal tract and mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders. Crucially, we focus on whether changes in the gut environment affect the human mental state or the other way around. Furthermore, the possibility of handling bacteria-derived exosomes as vectors of chemicals to treat such conditions is examined.

show abstract

Section: Evs and Mental Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of Human Gut Bacteria Extracellular Vesicles in Mental Disorders and Developing New Pharmaceuticals

Louka,

Koumandou

2024

CIMB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

MAD—microbial (origin of) Alzheimer’s disease hypothesis: from infection and the antimicrobial response to disruption of key copper-based systems

Min,

Sarlus,

Harris

2024

Front. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microbes have been suspected to cause Alzheimer’s disease since at least 1908, but this has generally remained unpopular in comparison to the amyloid hypothesis and the dominance of Aβ and Tau. However, evidence has been accumulating to suggest that these earlier theories are but a manifestation of a common cause that can trigger and interact with all the major molecular players recognized in AD. Aβ, Tau and ApoE, in particular appear to be molecules with normal homeostatic functions but also with alternative antimicrobial functions. Their alternative functions confer the non-immune specialized neuron with some innate intracellular defenses that appear to be re-appropriated from their normal functions in times of need. Indeed, signs of infection of the neurons by biofilm-forming microbial colonies, in synergy with herpes viruses, are evident from the clinical and preclinical studies we discuss. Furthermore, we attempt to provide a mechanistic understanding of the AD landscape by discussing the antimicrobial effect of Aβ, Tau and ApoE and Lactoferrin in AD, and a possible mechanistic link with deficiency of vital copper-based systems. In particular, we focus on mitochondrial oxidative respiration via complex 4 and ceruloplasmin for iron homeostasis, and how this is similar and possibly central to neurodegenerative diseases in general. In the case of AD, we provide evidence for the microbial Alzheimer’s disease (MAD) theory, namely that AD could in fact be caused by a long-term microbial exposure or even long-term infection of the neurons themselves that results in a costly prolonged antimicrobial response that disrupts copper-based systems that govern neurotransmission, iron homeostasis and respiration. Finally, we discuss potential treatment modalities based on this holistic understanding of AD that incorporates the many separate and seemingly conflicting theories. If the MAD theory is correct, then the reduction of microbial exposure through use of broad antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatments could potentially alleviate AD although this requires further clinical investigation.

show abstract

The menace within: bacterial amyloids as a trigger for autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases

Cited by 2 publications

References 97 publications

The Emerging Role of Human Gut Bacteria Extracellular Vesicles in Mental Disorders and Developing New Pharmaceuticals

The Emerging Role of Human Gut Bacteria Extracellular Vesicles in Mental Disorders and Developing New Pharmaceuticals

MAD—microbial (origin of) Alzheimer’s disease hypothesis: from infection and the antimicrobial response to disruption of key copper-based systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About