The memory function of sleep

Diekelmann, Susanne; Born, Jan

doi:10.1038/nrn2762

Cited by 3,063 publications

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“…Sleep represents a biological condition most appropriate for consolidating memories (Diekelmann and Born, 2010). In healthy humans, periods of sleep following learning consistently enhanced retention of the learned material in a variety of memory tasks compared to wakefulness.…”

Section: Melatonin In the Treatment Of Circadian Rhythm And Sleep Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

New perspectives on the role of melatonin in human sleep, circadian rhythms and their regulation

Zisapel

2018

British J Pharmacology

550

350

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In mammals, a central circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, tunes the innate circadian physiological rhythms to the ambient 24 h light–dark cycle to invigorate and optimize the internal temporal order. The SCN‐activated, light‐inhibited production of melatonin conveys the message of darkness to the clock and induces night‐state physiological functions, for example, sleep/wake blood pressure and metabolism. Clinically meaningful effects of melatonin treatment have been demonstrated in placebo‐controlled trials in humans, particularly in disorders associated with diminished or misaligned melatonin rhythms, for example, circadian rhythm‐related sleep disorders, jet lag and shift work, insomnia in children with neurodevelopmental disorders, poor (non‐restorative) sleep quality, non‐dipping nocturnal blood pressure (nocturnal hypertension) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The diminished production of melatonin at the very early stages of AD, the role of melatonin in the restorative value of sleep (perceived sleep quality) and its sleep‐anticipating effects resulting in attenuated activation of certain brain networks are gaining a new perspective as the role of poor sleep quality in the build‐up of β amyloid, particularly in the precuneus, is unravelled. As a result of the recently discovered relationship between circadian clock, sleep and neurodegeneration, new prospects of using melatonin for early intervention, to promote healthy physical and mental ageing, are of prime interest in view of the emerging link to the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Developments in Research of Melatonin and its Potential Therapeutic Applications. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.16/issuetoc

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Section: Melatonin In the Treatment Of Circadian Rhythm And Sleep Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

New perspectives on the role of melatonin in human sleep, circadian rhythms and their regulation

Zisapel

2018

British J Pharmacology

550

350

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“…Adequate sleep is essential to optimize memory processes (Diekelmann and Born, 2010; Stickgold and Walker, 2013). This is consistent across a range of tests evaluating veridical memory (Lo et al ., 2014a; Payne et al ., 2012; Rasch et al ., 2007; Tamminen et al ., 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep deprivation increases formation of false memory

Chong

Ganesan

et al. 2016

Journal of Sleep Research

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SummaryRetrieving false information can have serious consequences. Sleep is important for memory, but voluntary sleep curtailment is becoming more rampant. Here, the misinformation paradigm was used to investigate false memory formation after 1 night of total sleep deprivation in healthy young adults (N = 58, mean age ± SD = 22.10 ± 1.60 years; 29 males), and 7 nights of partial sleep deprivation (5 h sleep opportunity) in these young adults and healthy adolescents (N = 54, mean age ± SD = 16.67 ± 1.03 years; 25 males). In both age groups, sleep‐deprived individuals were more likely than well‐rested persons to incorporate misleading post‐event information into their responses during memory retrieval (P < 0.050). These findings reiterate the importance of adequate sleep in optimal cognitive functioning, reveal the vulnerability of adolescents' memory during sleep curtailment, and suggest the need to assess eyewitnesses' sleep history after encountering misleading information.

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“…Memory encoding and retrieval take place most effectively during wakefulness (Diekelmann and Born, 2010), but sleep also promotes the consolidation of newly acquired information in memory and its integration within pre-existing knowledge networks (Karni et al, 1994; Askenasy et al, 1997). Memory consolidation during sleep is often considered as an off-line brain process of stabilization of such newly acquired information, but there is also consolidation of false memories of events that never happened.…”

Section: Consciousness and Brain During Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some forms of learning and post-learning as well as problem solving continue during sleep. Post-learning sleep not only strengthens memories but also induces qualitative changes in their representations and so enable the extraction of invariant features from complex stimulus materials, the forming of new associations and, eventually, insights into hidden rules (Diekelmann and Born, 2010). It is evident that some form of consciousness exists in this state.…”

Section: Consciousness and Brain During Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diekelmann and Born (2010) present a view that memory systems compete and reciprocally interfere during wakefulness, but disengage during sleep, allowing for the independent consolidation of memories in different systems. Nir and Tononi consider dreaming to be a state where:

Human brain, disconnected from environment, can generate an entire world of conscious experiences by itself, The dreamer is highly conscious (has vivid experiences), is disconnected from the environment (is asleep), but somehow the brain is creating a story, filling it with actors and scenarios, and generating hallucinatory images (Nir and Tononi, 2010).

…”

Section: Consciousness and Brain During Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consciousness, brain, neuroplasticity

Askenasy

Lehmann

2013

Front. Psychol.

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Subjectivity, intentionality, self-awareness and will are major components of consciousness in human beings. Changes in consciousness and its content following different brain processes and malfunction have long been studied. Cognitive sciences assume that brain activities have an infrastructure, but there is also evidence that consciousness itself may change this infrastructure. The two-way influence between brain and consciousness has been at the center of philosophy and less so, of science. This so-called bottom-up and top-down interrelationship is controversial and is the subject of our article. We would like to ask: how does it happen that consciousness may provoke structural changes in the brain? The living brain means continuous changes at the synaptic level with every new experience, with every new process of learning, memorizing or mastering new and existing skills. Synapses are generated and dissolved, while others are preserved, in an ever-changing process of so-called neuroplasticity. Ongoing processes of synaptic reinforcements and decay occur during wakefulness when consciousness is present, but also during sleep when it is mostly absent. We suggest that consciousness influences brain neuroplasticity both during wakefulness as well as sleep in a top-down way. This means that consciousness really activates synaptic flow and changes brain structures and functional organization. The dynamic impact of consciousness on brain never stops despite the relative stationary structure of the brain. Such a process can be a target for medical intervention, e.g., by cognitive training.

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The memory function of sleep

Cited by 3,063 publications

References 174 publications

New perspectives on the role of melatonin in human sleep, circadian rhythms and their regulation

New perspectives on the role of melatonin in human sleep, circadian rhythms and their regulation

Sleep deprivation increases formation of false memory

Consciousness, brain, neuroplasticity

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