The MEDUSA electron and ion spectrometer and the PIA ultraviolet photometers on Astrid-2

Norberg, O.; Winningham, J. D.; Lauche, H.; Keith, Wayne; Puccio, W.; Olsen, John; Lundin, Kersti; Scherrer, J.

doi:10.5194/angeo-19-593-2001

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The sensor is a standard top -hat electrostatic analyzer in a very compact design. ELS is a reduced and modified version of the Miniaturized Electrostatic Dualtop-hat Spherical Analyzer (MEDUSA) experiment for the Astrid-2 and Munin missions launched in 1998 and 2000 (Norberg et al, 2001).…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Analyzer of Space Plasmas and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA-3) for the Mars Express Mission

et al. 2006

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The general scientific objective of the ASPERA-3 experiment is to study the solar windatmosphere interaction and to characterize the plasma and neutral gas environment within the space near Mars through the use of energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging and measuring local ion and electron plasma. The ASPERA-3 instrument comprises four sensors: two ENA sensors, one electron spectrometer, and one ion spectrometer. The Neutral Particle Imager (NPI) provides measurements of the integral ENA flux (0.1-60 keV) with no mass and energy resolution, but high angular resolution. The measurement principle is based on registering products (secondary ions, sputtered neutrals, reflected neutrals) of the ENA interaction with a graphite-coated surface. The Neutral Particle Detector (NPD) provides measurements of the ENA flux, resolving velocity (the hydrogen energy range is 0.1-10 keV) and mass (H and O) with a coarse angular resolution. The measurement principle is based on the surface reflection technique. The Electron Spectrometer (ELS) is a standard top-hat electrostatic analyzer in a very compact design which covers the energy range 0.01-20 keV. These three sensors are located on a scanning platform which provides scanning through 180 • of rotation. The instrument also contains an ion mass analyzer (IMA). Mechanically IMA is a separate unit connected by a cable to Space Science Reviews (2006) 126: 113-164

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Analyzer of Space Plasmas and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA-3) for the Mars Express Mission

et al. 2006

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“…The sensor and associated electronics box have a total mass of 1.7 kg and consume 3 W of power when in operation. More information on the MEDUSA instrument can be found in a paper by Norberg et al (2001).…”

Section: Instrument Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new, unique signature of the true cusp

2001

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Abstract. The "cusp proper" is generally understood to be the region enclosed by the outermost magnetospheric field lines as they map to low altitudes. It is therefore a weak-field region with continuous contact with magnetosheath plasma. Data from the recent Astrid-2 Swedish microsatellite are presented which show a new, unique signature (dubbed the "true cusp") during cusp crossings that can now be shown to be consistently present and with which one can redefine the physical meaning and topology of the cusp. Similar crossings made by the DE-2, UARS and DMSP-F10 satellites also show this same, unique signature although in most cases the spatial resolution was much less than that of the Astrid-2 MEDUSA spectrometer. The presence of concurrent features of the same scale size as the plasma in the energetic particle, field and wave power data shows that this is a real structural feature and not a coincidental structure among plasma instruments. The persistence of this feature may lend new insight into the dynamics of the cusp and magnetospheric particle entry.

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“…Some applications benefit from the simultaneous measurement of multiple energies of particle [4], and many space plasma measurements require both electron and (positive) ion data and so use two, oppositely configured analysers [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A miniaturised, nested-cylindrical electrostatic analyser geometry for dual electron and ion, multi-energy measurements

Bedington

Kataria

Smith

2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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a b s t r a c tThis work presents a binary programming model for online coordination of directional overcurrent relay problems in interconnected power distribution and subtransmission systems. The proposed model considers discrete time dial and pickup current settings as in microprocessor-based relays. The coordination problem is solved for every topological change in the network and whose optimized settings are remotely adjusted on each relay through a SCADA system, enhancing the speed and sensitivity of the protection system. A pre-processing step is performed to ensure that the operation time of each relay be below the melting curve of the protected cable. Computational results for the binary programming model solved by CPLEX optimization package are compared to heuristic-based techniques. The simulation results indicates that our approach is suitable for online applications, since an optimal solution can be found in reduced times.

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The MEDUSA electron and ion spectrometer and the PIA ultraviolet photometers on Astrid-2

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

The Analyzer of Space Plasmas and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA-3) for the Mars Express Mission

The Analyzer of Space Plasmas and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA-3) for the Mars Express Mission

A new, unique signature of the true cusp

A miniaturised, nested-cylindrical electrostatic analyser geometry for dual electron and ion, multi-energy measurements

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