The Mediterranean fruit fly in California: evidence for multiple introductions and persistent populations based on microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA variability

Abstract

Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variability data were used to study outbreaks of Mediterranean fruit fly in California in the years 1992-94 and 1997-99. A total of 359 flies caught in monitoring traps during these years were examined at three polymorphic mtDNA restriction sites and two microsatellite loci. Composite genotypes obtained through analysis of these markers indicate at least five independent introductions of medflies into California between 1992 and 1998. Whereas the majority of specimens displayed a single mtDNA haplotype (AAA), variation of microsatellite alleles among these flies suggests at least one additional introduction in 1993 into southern California. Flies displaying the AAB haplotype sampled in 1992 both in northern and southern California shared microsatellite alleles absent in AAA flies although lacking others commonly found in AAA specimens, thus supporting the hypothesis of an independent introduction of these flies from a different source. In contrast to earlier infestations, a few specimens caught in southern California in 1993 and again in 1998 showed both mtDNA and microsatellite patterns consistent with a Hawaiian origin. Single flies collected in Santa Clara County in 1997 and in El Monte, Los Angeles County & in 1999 most likely represent a sixth and seventh distinct introduction, respectively.

Analysis of olive fly invasion in California based on microsatellite markers

“…Moreover, they have been successfully used in the analysis of population structure of different Tephritidae species, such as Ceratitis capitata (Bonizzoni et al, 2001;Gasperi et al, 2002), Bactrocera dorsalis (Aketarawong et al, 2007) and B. tryoni (Yu et al, 2001;Gilchrist et al, 2004). In the case of C. capitata, they have provided guidance in establishing the source of recent invasions in different parts of the world (Meixner et al, 2002;Bonizzoni et al, 2004). Such analyses can contribute to better planning of control strategies to avoid future infestations, as a detailed knowledge of the biology, genetic structure and geographical variability of a given species is a prerequisite to establishing control measures such as quarantine, phytosanitary control and eradication (Roderick and Navajas, 2003).…”

Genetic Diversity of ND5 mitochondrial patterns inCeratitis capitata(Diptera: Tephritidae) populations from Tunisia

“…Beginning from a presumed origin in Sub-Saharan Africa, in the past 200 years, this pest has expanded its geographic range to the Mediterranean basin as well as many other tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Sheppard et al 1992;Meixner et al 2002;Malacrida et al 2007). In all of these areas the establishment of this pest causes considerable economic losses in fruit production i.e.…”

“…Mitochondrial DNA markers in particular have proved to be effi cient for characterizing some aspects of the genetic diversity of medfl y populations due in part to its haploid and uniparental (maternal) mode of inheritance and to the absence of recombination (Reyes & Ochando 2004). However, mitochondrial DNA studies have relied on the use of a PCR-RFLP method to identify diagnostic restriction site polymorphisms (McPheron et al 1994) in genes such as the ND4 (NADH subunit 4) and ND5 (NADH subunit 5) genes (Sheppard et al 1992;Gasparich et al 1995;Meixner et al 2002). Th is method was effi cient to some extend but, it is used to detect only a very limited set of DNA sequence polymorphisms.…”

Screening mitochondrial DNA sequence variation as an alternative method for tracking established and outbreak populations of Queensland fruit fly at the species southern range limit

“…Despite this, mtDNA sequences have not been widely used for estimating the underlying population structure of B. tryoni outbreaks to date. They have, however, recently been employed to determine underlying populations in other fruit fly species (Karsten, van Vuuren, Barnaud, & Terblanche, 2013; Kunprom, Sopaladawan, & Pramual, 2015; Meixner, McPheron, Silva, Gasparich, & Sheppard, 2002; Schutze et al., 2012; Shi, Kerdelhué, & Ye, 2010, 2012). Additional attributes of mtDNA sequences: single copy genes with high levels of genetic variation that are inherited clonally through the maternal (female) parent, make mtDNA markers ideally suited for tracking breeding success of pest lineages (e.g., Blacket, Rice, Semeraro, & Malipatil, 2015).…”