The Medipix3RX: a high resolution, zero dead-time pixel detector readout chip allowing spectroscopic imaging

Ballabriga, R.; Alozy, J.; Blaj, G.; Campbell, M.; Fiederle, M.; Fröjdh, E.; Heijne, E.H.M.; Llopart, X.; Pichotka, M.; Procz, S.; Tlustos, L.; Wong, Winnie

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/8/02/c02016

Cited by 260 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Main advantage of Ge in comparison with Si is its higher efficiency for X-ray detection. For example, at 20 keV X-ray energy, mass attenuation coefficient for Ge is 42.22 cm 2 /g vs. 4.46 cm 2 /g for Si [9]. Converted to absorption length this is 2.3 × 10 -2 cm for Ge and 2.2 × 10 -1 cm for Si.…”

Section: Ge Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, time of response, spatial and energy resolution play a significant role. These prerequisites can be fulfilled by the use of a Germanium (Ge) sensor with Medipix3RX [4] read-out chip as a hybrid detector assembly. In 2012 we developed a single chip Ge detector with Medipix3RX read-out [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These prerequisites can be fulfilled by the use of a Germanium (Ge) sensor with Medipix3RX [4] read-out chip as a hybrid detector assembly. In 2012 we developed a single chip Ge detector with Medipix3RX read-out [3,4]. Since then, we developed and tested a Ge "hexa" detector, consisting of a monolithic Ge sensor hybridized to six Medipix3RX read-out chips.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Germanium ``hexa'' detector: production and testing

et al. 2017

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Here we present new result on the testing of a Germanium sensor for X-ray radiation. The system is made of 3 × 2 Medipix3RX chips, bump-bonded to a monolithic sensor, and is called "hexa". Its dimensions are 45 × 30 mm 2 and the sensor thickness was 1.5 mm. The total number of the pixels is 393216 in the matrix 768 × 512 with pixel pitch 55 m. Medipix3RX read-out chip provides photon counting read-out with single photon sensitivity. The sensor is cooled to -126  C and noise levels together with flat field response are measured. For -200 V polarization bias, leakage current was 4.4 mA (3.2 A/mm 2 ). Due to higher leakage around 2.5 % of all pixels stay non-responsive. More than 99 % of all pixels are bump bonded correctly. In this paper we present the experimental set-up, threshold equalization procedure, image acquisition and the technique for bump bond quality estimate.

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Section: Ge Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Germanium ``hexa'' detector: production and testing

et al. 2017

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“…KEYWORDS: Solid state detectors; X-ray detectors; Materials for solid-state detectors; Hybrid detectors 1 The LAMBDA detector system LAMBDA (Large Area Medipix3 Based Detector Array) is a photon-counting hybrid pixel detector, based on the Medipix3 chip [1] and designed for use at synchrotrons. Its key features are: effectively zero noise when detecting X-ray photons above 4 keV, due to photon counting; a small pixel size of 55 µm; a large, tileable module layout that can be used to build large-area systems; fast, deadtime-free readout at up to 2000 frames per second; and finally compatibility with high-Z materials.…”

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confidence: 99%

The LAMBDA photon-counting pixel detector and high-Z sensor development

et al. 2014

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Many X-ray experiments at third-generation synchrotrons benefit from using singlephoton-counting detectors, due to their high signal-to-noise ratio and potential for high-speed measurements. LAMBDA (Large Area Medipix3-Based Detector Array) is a pixel detector system based on the Medipix3 readout chip. It combines the features of Medipix3, such as a small pixel size of 55 µm and flexible functionality, with a large tileable module design consisting of 12 chips (1536 × 512 pixels) and a high-speed readout system capable of running at 2000 frames per second.To enable high-speed experiments with hard X-rays, the LAMBDA system has been combined with different high-Z sensor materials. Room-temperature systems using GaAs and CdTe systems have been produced and tested with X-ray tubes and at synchrotron beamlines. Both detector materials show nonuniformities in their raw image response, but the pixel yield is high and the uniformity can be improved by flat-field correction, particularly in the case of GaAs. High-frame-rate experiments show that useful information can be gained on millisecond timescales in synchrotron experiments with these sensors.

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“…This technical paper focuses on the development of high-frame-rate operation of LAMBDA. The LAMBDA detector is a photon-counting hybrid pixel detector, based on the Medipix3 chip [2]. Photon-counting operation means that the chip has effectively noise-free operation at photon energies of 5 keV and above, which is important to achieving good imaging performance at high frame rates, since the number of photon hits per frame may be low.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-speed readout of high-Z pixel detectors with the LAMBDA detector

et al. 2014

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High-frame-rate X-ray pixel detectors make it possible to perform time-resolved experiments at synchrotron beamlines, and to make better use of these sources by shortening experiment times. LAMBDA is a photon-counting hybrid pixel detector based on the Medipix3 chip, designed to combine a small pixel size of 55 µm, a large tileable module design, high speed, and compatibility with "high-Z" sensors for hard X-ray detection. This technical paper focuses on LAMBDA's high-speed-readout functionality, which allows a frame rate of 2000 frames per second with no deadtime between successive images. This takes advantage of the Medipix3 chip's "continuous read-write" function and highly parallelised readout. The readout electronics serialise this data and send it back to a server PC over two 10 Gigabit Ethernet links. The server PC controls the detector and receives, processes and stores the data using software designed for the Tango control system. As a demonstration of high-speed readout of a high-Z sensor, a GaAs LAMBDA detector was used to make a high-speed X-ray video of a computer fan.

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The Medipix3RX: a high resolution, zero dead-time pixel detector readout chip allowing spectroscopic imaging

Cited by 260 publications

References 29 publications

Germanium ``hexa'' detector: production and testing

Germanium ``hexa'' detector: production and testing

The LAMBDA photon-counting pixel detector and high-Z sensor development

High-speed readout of high-Z pixel detectors with the LAMBDA detector

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