The medicinal use of cannabis in the UK: results of a nationwide survey

Ware, Mark A.; Adams, Henry E.; Guy, Geoffrey W.

doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2004.00271.x

Cited by 207 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Clinical studies have reported benefits of cannabis on mood disorders (Ashton et al, 2005;Ware et al, 2005). Genetic (Haller et al, 2002(Haller et al, , 2004Martin et al, 2002) or pharmacological (Navarro et al, 1997;Deroche-Gamonet et al, 2001) CB 1 R blockade in murine models yields enhanced expression of depression/ anxiety-like behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids Elicit Antidepressant-Like Behavior and Activate Serotonergic Neurons through the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Bambico¹,

Katz²,

Debonnel³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

288

213

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Preclinical and clinical studies show that cannabis modulates mood and possesses antidepressant-like properties, mediated by the agonistic activity of cannabinoids on central CB 1 receptors (CB 1 Rs). The action of CB 1 R agonists on the serotonin (5-HT) system, the major transmitter system involved in mood control and implicated in the mechanism of action of antidepressants, remains however poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that, at low doses, the CB 1 R agonist WIN55, 212-2 [R(ϩ)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(morpholinyl)]pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazinyl]-(1-naphthalenyl) methanone mesylate] exerts potent antidepressant-like properties in the rat forced-swim test (FST). This effect is CB 1 R dependent because it was blocked by the CB 1 R antagonist rimonabant and is 5-HT mediated because it was abolished by pretreatment with the 5-HT-depleting agent parachlorophenylalanine. Then, using in vivo electrophysiology, we showed that low doses of WIN55,212-2 dose dependently enhanced dorsal raphe nucleus 5-HT neuronal activity through a CB 1 R-dependent mechanism. Conversely, high doses of WIN55,212-2 were ineffective in the FST and decreased 5-HT neuronal activity through a CB 1 R-independent mechanism. The CB 1 R agonist-induced enhancement of 5-HT neuronal activity was abolished by total or medial prefrontocortical, but not by lateral prefrontocortical, transection. Furthermore, 5-HT neuronal activity was enhanced by the local microinjection of WIN55,212-2 into the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (mPFCv) but not by the local microinjection of WIN55,212-2 into the lateral prefrontal cortex. Similarly, the microinjection of WIN55,212-2 into the mPFCv produced a CB 1 R-dependent antidepressantlike effect in the FST. These results demonstrate that CB 1 R agonists possess antidepressant-like properties and modulate 5-HT neuronal activity via the mPFCv.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids Elicit Antidepressant-Like Behavior and Activate Serotonergic Neurons through the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Bambico¹,

Katz²,

Debonnel³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

288

213

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In Canada, the Medical Marijuana Access Regulations provides a legal means for patients, with the support of their physician, to be authorized to use marijuana for medical purposes. Most of the people who use marijuana for medical purposes use it by the smoking route (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Mainstream and Sidestream Marijuana and Tobacco Cigarette Smoke Produced under Two Machine Smoking Conditions

Moir

Rickert²,

Levasseur³

et al. 2007

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

392

313

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The chemical composition of tobacco smoke has been extensively examined, and the presence of known and suspected carcinogens in such smoke has contributed to the link between tobacco smoking and adverse health effects. The consumption of marijuana through smoking remains a reality and, among youth, seems to be increasing. There have been only limited examinations of marijuana smoke, including for cannabinoid content and for tar generation. There have not been extensive studies of the chemistry of marijuana smoke, especially in direct comparison to tobacco smoke. In this study, a systematic comparison of the smoke composition of both mainstream and sidestream smoke from marijuana and tobacco cigarettes prepared in the same way and consumed under two sets of smoking conditions, was undertaken. This study examined the suite of chemicals routinely analyzed in tobacco smoke. As expected, the results showed qualitative similarities with some quantitative differences. In this study, ammonia was found in mainstream marijuana smoke at levels up to 20-fold greater than that found in tobacco. Hydrogen cyanide, NO, NO x , and some aromatic amines were found in marijuana smoke at concentrations 3-5 times those found in tobacco smoke. Mainstream marijuana smoke contained selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at concentrations lower than those found in mainstream tobacco smoke, while the reverse was the case for sidestream smoke, with PAHs present at higher concentrations in marijuana smoke. The confirmation of the presence, in both mainstream and sidestream smoke of marijuana cigarettes, of known carcinogens and other chemicals implicated in respiratory diseases is important information for public health and communication of the risk related to exposure to such materials.

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“…The primary components of the endocannabinoid signaling system (CB1, CB2, and FAAH) are characteristically expressed in the synovium of both osteoarthritic (OA) and rheumatoid arthritic (RA) patients, with compelling evidence to demonstrate an active participation in the pathophysiology of joint pain (35). Preclinical and clinical studies support the therapeutic application of cannabinoids in the treatment of chronic pain, and to date, patients suffering from chronic arthritic and musculoskeletal pain represent the most prevalent users of medicinal cannabis (36). Despite this optimism, hesitation in clinical application is prevalent with extensive guidelines published in different countries (37)(38)(39).…”

Section: Endocannabinoids and Arthritic Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, an increased expression of CB1 accompanied by OA development has been demonstrated (36). CB1 receptors are located on peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as on nociceptive nerve fibers, where they modulate adrenergic signaling to influence cytokine production (44).…”

Section: Changes In Cb Receptor Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The endocannabinoid system in pain and inflammation: Its relevance to rheumatic disease

Barrie

Manolios

2017

Eur J Rheumatol

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The medicinal use of cannabis in the UK: results of a nationwide survey

Cited by 207 publications

References 16 publications

Cannabinoids Elicit Antidepressant-Like Behavior and Activate Serotonergic Neurons through the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Cannabinoids Elicit Antidepressant-Like Behavior and Activate Serotonergic Neurons through the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

A Comparison of Mainstream and Sidestream Marijuana and Tobacco Cigarette Smoke Produced under Two Machine Smoking Conditions

The endocannabinoid system in pain and inflammation: Its relevance to rheumatic disease

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