The medical and social fate of the dichromate allergic patient

Breit, Reinhard; R, Türk

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04400.x

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Most other investigators have found similar results [Breit and Turk, 1976;Burrows, 1972;Hellier, 19581. In contrast, Johnson and Wilson found that age had no effect on the various outcome variables they studied [Johnson and Wilson, 19711.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Those who were advised to change jobs and followed the advice had a better outcome, suggesting that there may be a subgroup of workers with OSD for whom a job change is clearly beneficial. There is conflicting information in the literature regarding the association between change in job and status of dermatitis, with some groups reporting less dermatitis in workers who have changed jobs [Breit and Turk, 1976;Johnson and Wilson, 1971;Wall and Gebauer, 19911, while others felt it to be of no benefit [Keczkes et al, 1983;Johnson and Wilson, 1971;Fregert, 19751, and others reported mixed results [Hellier, 19581. The results of all these investigations are difficult to interpret because they are observational studies, not experimental interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Disease that is persistent has not only clinical ramifications, but also impacts on employment. A number of studies that have examined the prognosis of contact dermatitis have assessed employment outcome and also the effects of changing jobs [Breit and Turk, 1976;Squire et al, 1950;Lammintausta et al, 1982;Burrows, 1972;Keczkes et al, 1983;Johnson and Wilson, 1971;Hellier, 1958;Fregert, 1975;Meding and Swanbeck, 1990;Christensen, 1982;Skog and Tottie 19611. While some authors suggest that a change in employment does not significantly improve outcome and should not be suggested in most instances, there are still instances in clinical practice where this was done with advantageous results. Nonethe-less, there is relatively little information available to assist the clinician or workers' compensation authorities in determining whether the chronic state will persist and what job changes might be appropriate to minimize or eliminate continuing skin disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Work outcome in workers with occupational skin disease

Holness

Nethercott

1995

American J Industrial Med

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We carried out a follow-up study of employment outcome for 230 workers with a diagnosis of occupational skin disease who were at least 2 years postdiagnosis. Seventy-eight percent of the workers were working, but 57% of those working had changed jobs, 67% because of their skin problem. Thirty-one percent had lost no time from work because of their skin disease, while 35% had lost at least 1 month. Forty-three percent had applied for workers' compensation benefits, and 87% of those who had applied were successful in their claims. Older workers were more likely to be unemployed and to have applied for workers' compensation benefits. Women were less likely to have lost time from work and to have applied for workers' compensation. Those who had changed their jobs tended to have a better outcome with respect to active dermatitis, though they had lost more time from work and had more often applied for workers' compensation benefits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Work outcome in workers with occupational skin disease

Holness

Nethercott

1995

American J Industrial Med

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“…It should not be considered abnormal under these circumstances that we found 8 out of the 89 volunteers from the factory positively reacting to a Ni patch test [1,7]. All of them declared that they were able to do their work normally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nickel Content of Plasma, Urine and Hair in Contact Dermatitis

Spruit

Bongaarts²

1977

Dermatology

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The nickel (Ni) concentrations of blood plasma, urine and scalp hair do not differ between hypersensitive and non-hypersensitive subjects. Those who are occupationally exposed have about ten times the control content of nickel in the plasma, urine and hair, whether hypersensitive or not. During vacations the Ni contents of their plasmas and urines decrease sharply. Oral administration of only 5 mg Ni (as the sulphate) increases the Ni concentration of plasma and urine to ten times the normal for more than the subsequent 24 h.

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“…Trivalent Cr is poorly absorbed through the skin, but Cr 6+ is readily absorbed and acts as both an irritant, causing burns or ulceration, and a sensitizer. When sensitization to chromates and dichromates occurs, symptoms are generally long-lived [50,51] and may be exacerbated by contact with chromates in textiles, pigments, and tanned leather products [49].…”

Section: Chromiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of immunosensitization to metals (IUPAC Technical Report)

Templeton¹

2004

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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A project is underway within IUPAC to evaluate and harmonize the use of various biomarkers for immunosensitization to metals. This present review summarizes our knowledge of the mechanisms by which certain trace elements evoke allergenicity. Some physiological electrolytes (e.g., Na+, K+) and macronutrients (e.g., Ca2+, Fe3+) are immunologically inactive. However, some trace elements essential for cell function (e.g., Co2+, Cu2+, Cr3+), as well as nonessential elements generally considered toxic (e.g., Hg species) or in use as therapeutic agents (e.g., some species of Pt and Au), can give rise to adverse immune reactions. Specific immunological responses to Ni, Co, Cr, Hg, Be, Cu, Pt, Pd, Ir, In, and Au are discussed. In general, these elements can activate T or B cells by specific receptor interactions, resulting in clonal expansion of a metal-specific lymphocyte and an immune response (typically dermatitis) upon re-exposure. Compelling evidence points to the primary role of the T cell in responding to the metal. T-cell activation occurs when a protein of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binds to a T-cell receptor in the presence of an MHC binding peptide. Many antigenic substances result in presentation of MHC bound antigenic peptides to the T-cell receptor; metal ions appear to act as haptens that directly or indirectly cause structural changes in MHC molecule-peptide complexes that result in recognition of these complexes by specific T-cell subsets. Nickel and gold are particularly instructive in understanding mechanisms, and are used to discuss models in which the metal may bind to the antigenic peptide (i) before or (ii) after its association with the MHC/T-cell receptor complex, (iii) may bind to the MHC/receptor complex prior to recruitment of the antigenic peptide, or (iv) may bind to the formed peptide/MHC/receptor complex through ligands contributed by one or more of the components.

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The medical and social fate of the dichromate allergic patient

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Work outcome in workers with occupational skin disease

Work outcome in workers with occupational skin disease

Nickel Content of Plasma, Urine and Hair in Contact Dermatitis

Mechanisms of immunosensitization to metals (IUPAC Technical Report)

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