“…Recently, scholars of media and political communications have tried to address, through the lens of mediatization, fundamental questions about how the media influences culture and society, politics and foreign policy (Brommesson and Ekengren, 2017; Couldry and Hepp, 2017; Esser and Strömbäck, 2014; Hjarvard, 2013; Lundby, 2014). This growing stream in the literature is concerned with the role that the media plays in long-term changes.…”
Section: Theoretical Framework: Media Contest Modelmentioning
This article explains why Iran was unsuccessful in its efforts to persuade Shiʿi Iraqis to support Iran during the critical early years of the Iran–Iraq war. Analysis of Iranian and Iraqi framing communicated to that target population shows Iran failed due to both structural and cultural factors. Its media strategy lacked reach and variety and it misunderstood the cultural identity of Shiʿi Iraqis. The author makes use of original archive material of radio transcripts from 1981–1983 as well as other primary sources and historical accounts. The research makes an original theoretical contribution by applying media contest theory to a military confrontation between two sovereign states, rather than between a state ‘authority’ facing a non-state ‘challenger’. The findings have implications for considering how Iran today may communicate more effectively beyond its borders through regional media strategies and thus the viability of a mediatized Shiʿism.
“…Recently, scholars of media and political communications have tried to address, through the lens of mediatization, fundamental questions about how the media influences culture and society, politics and foreign policy (Brommesson and Ekengren, 2017; Couldry and Hepp, 2017; Esser and Strömbäck, 2014; Hjarvard, 2013; Lundby, 2014). This growing stream in the literature is concerned with the role that the media plays in long-term changes.…”
Section: Theoretical Framework: Media Contest Modelmentioning
This article explains why Iran was unsuccessful in its efforts to persuade Shiʿi Iraqis to support Iran during the critical early years of the Iran–Iraq war. Analysis of Iranian and Iraqi framing communicated to that target population shows Iran failed due to both structural and cultural factors. Its media strategy lacked reach and variety and it misunderstood the cultural identity of Shiʿi Iraqis. The author makes use of original archive material of radio transcripts from 1981–1983 as well as other primary sources and historical accounts. The research makes an original theoretical contribution by applying media contest theory to a military confrontation between two sovereign states, rather than between a state ‘authority’ facing a non-state ‘challenger’. The findings have implications for considering how Iran today may communicate more effectively beyond its borders through regional media strategies and thus the viability of a mediatized Shiʿism.
“…More recently, scholars have studied what characterises those cases where media pressure seems to influence substantive decisions to identify scope conditions for media influence (i.e. policy uncertainty, proximity and time pressure, see Brommesson and Ekengren (2017). Similarly, Ihlen and Thorbjørnsrud (2014) identified the following key characteristics in cases where policy decisions were revoked after massive media pressure: compelling, idealised human interest narratives; strong and resourceful support networks; and journalistic engagement.…”
Section: Media Influence On Decision-making In Ministries and Agenciesmentioning
Decision-making in public bureaucracies should be guided by rules and formal procedures, securing predictability, impartiality and fair decisions. Studies show that public bureaucracies are highly mediatised – but knowledge about media impact on political outcomes is scarce. In this article, we study if, how and why media affect agendas, resource allocation and case decisions within public bureaucracies. Empirically, we apply a mixed method approach to the case of Norway, utilising a comprehensive survey among civil servants in ministries and agencies, as well as in-depth interviews with civil servants and political leaders. The results clearly support the notion that media can influence agendas, resource allocation and decision-making in ministries and agencies. When media pressure and broad public support build up, action is particularly taken when the issues are deemed important by political actors, suggesting that both push and pull forces are involved when media influence public bureaucracies.
“…Medlemskapet har sedermera öppnat den svenska utrikespolitiken för långtgående inflytande från EU och dess medlemsstater. Men det har också gett svensk utrikespolitik en ny plattform, och en stor del av den svenska utrikespolitiken förs idag genom EU (Brommesson 2017). Sverige har succesivt rankats högt som en ledare inom unionens utrikespolitik, med ansenligt inflytande över områden så som krishantering, EU:s nordiska dimension, utvecklingsstrategi och det östliga partnerskapet.…”
Section: Sveriges Långa Resa Bort Från Neutralitetenunclassified
This article analyzes Sweden’s foreign policy 2011–2018. The article is part of a special issue on how the Nordic countries have responded to recent geopolitical change. The international context in which Sweden finds itself has in a number of ways changed drastically during the time of analysis. The foundations of Sweden’s foreign policy, however, have seen less change. The Swedish policy adjustments we see are rather the effects of radical change taking place in the previous two decades: the EU membership, the partnership with NATO, and the abandonment of the policy of neutrality. Sweden is thus learning how to adapt to this transformation of its international orientation during a turbulent time in global politics. The article includes an overview of Swedish foreign policy and the literature on the topic. We discuss the major actors, institutions, tools and frameworks in the foreign policy making process. A detailed analysis of the Foreign Minister’s Statement of Government Policy provides a temporal comparison over the last decade.
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