The Medial Offshore Record of Explosive Volcanism Along the Central to Eastern Aegean Volcanic Arc: 1. Tephrostratigraphic Correlations

Kutterolf, Steffen; Freundt, Armin; Hansteen, Thor H.; Dettbarn, Rebecca; Hampel, Fabian; Sievers, Carina; Wittig, Cathrin; Allen, Sharon; Druitt, Timothy H.; McPhie, Jocelyn; Nomikou, Paraskevi; Pank, K.; Schindlbeck-Belo, Julie; Wang, K.‐L.; Lee, H.‐Y.; Friedrichs, Bjarne

doi:10.1029/2021gc010010

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(241 reference statements)

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“…The Christiana‐Santorini‐Kolumbo volcanic field represents the most active volcanic system in the eastern Mediterranean. It produced more than 100 explosive eruptions during the past 650 ka (Druitt et al., 2019; Kutterolf et al., 2021). The volcanic field includes the inactive Christiana volcanic edifice, the iconic Santorini Caldera and the submarine Kolumbo volcano (Figure 1; Nomikou et al., 2019).…”

Section: Geological Setting and Eruption History Of Kolumbomentioning

confidence: 99%

Heralds of Future Volcanism: Swarms of Microseismicity Beneath the Submarine Kolumbo Volcano Indicate Opening of Near‐Vertical Fractures Exploited by Ascending Melts

Schmid

Petersen

Hooft

et al. 2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The Kolumbo submarine volcano in the southern Aegean (Greece) is associated with repeated seismic unrest since at least two decades and the causes of this unrest are poorly understood. We present a ten‐month long microseismicity data set for the period 2006–2007. The majority of earthquakes cluster in a cone‐shaped portion of the crust below Kolumbo. The tip of this cone coincides with a low Vp‐anomaly at 2–4 km depth, which is interpreted as a crustal melt reservoir. Our data set includes several earthquake swarms, of which we analyze the four with the highest events numbers in detail. Together the swarms form a zone of fracturing elongated in the SW‐NE direction, parallel to major regional faults. All four swarms show a general upward migration of hypocenters and the cracking front propagates unusually fast, compared to swarms in other volcanic areas. We conclude that the swarm seismicity is most likely triggered by a combination of pore‐pressure perturbations and the re‐distribution of elastic stresses. Fluid pressure perturbations are induced likely by obstructions in the melt conduits in a rheologically strong layer between 6 and 9 km depth. We conclude that the zone of fractures below Kolumbo is exploited by melts ascending from the mantle and filling the crustal melt reservoir. Together with the recurring seismic unrest, our study suggests that a future eruption is probable and monitoring of the Kolumbo volcanic system is highly advisable.

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Section: Geological Setting and Eruption History Of Kolumbomentioning

confidence: 99%

Heralds of Future Volcanism: Swarms of Microseismicity Beneath the Submarine Kolumbo Volcano Indicate Opening of Near‐Vertical Fractures Exploited by Ascending Melts

Schmid

Petersen

Hooft

et al. 2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…The Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo volcanic field represents the most active volcanic system in the eastern Mediterranean. It produced more than 100 explosive eruptions during the past 650 ka (Druitt et al, 2019;Kutterolf et al, 2021). The volcanic field includes the inactive Christiana volcanic edifice, the iconic Santorini Caldera and the submarine Kolumbo volcano (Fig.…”

Section: Geological Setting Of Kolumbo and Eruption Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Heralds of a Future Eruption? Swarms of Microseismicity beneath the submarine Kolumbo Volcano indicate Opening of near-vertical Fractures exploited by ascending Melts

Schmid¹,

Petersen²,

Hooft³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Kolumbo submarine volcano in the southern Aegean (Greece) is associated with repeated seismic unrest since at least two decades and the causes of this unrest are still hardly understood. We present a ten-month long microseismicity dataset for the period 2006-2007. The majority of earthquakes clusters in a cone-shaped portion of the crust below Kolumbo. The tip of this cone coincides with a low Vp-anomaly at 2-4 km depth, that is interpreted as a crustal melt reservoir. Our dataset includes several earthquake swarms, of which we analyse the four strongest in detail. The swarms occupy near-vertical volumes of the crust and together they form a zone of fracturing elongated in SW-NE direction, parallel to major regional faults. All four swarms show a general upward migration of hypocentres and the cracking front propagates unusually fast, compared to swarms in other volcanic areas. We conclude that the swarm seismicity is most likely triggered by a combination of pore-pressure perturbations and the re-distribution of elastic stresses. Fluid pressure perturbations are induced either by obstructions in the melt conduits in a rheologically strong layer between 6-9 km depth or by dynamic triggering from purely tectonic earthquakes. We conclude that the zone of fractures below Kolumbo is exploited by melts ascending from the mantle and filling the crustal melt reservoir. Together with the recurring seismic unrest, our study suggests that a future eruption is feasible and monitoring of the Kolumbo volcanic system is highly advisable.

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“…In Kutterolf, Freundt, Hansteen, et al (2021), subsequently abbreviated as Part 1, we geochemically and stratigraphically correlated the marine ash layers between these cores and with tephras on land. We thereby identified 19 Pleistocene to Recent tephras from Milos, Santorini, Kolumbo, Kos, Yali and Nisyros volcanoes (Figure 1) that we could trace on the seafloor up to 300 km from their sources.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Medial Offshore Record of Explosive Volcanism Along the Central to Eastern Aegean Volcanic Arc: 2. Tephra Ages and Volumes, Eruption Magnitudes and Marine Sedimentation Rate Variations

Kutterolf

Freundt

Druitt

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Ash plumes of numerous plinian, phreatoplinian and ignimbrite-forming eruptions from calderas and stratocones of the central and eastern Aegean Volcanic Arc dispersed ash mostly eastward across the Aegean and Mediterranean seas (e.g., Keller et al., 1978). The resulting marine ash and lapilli layers represent the major fraction of the erupted tephra volumes because the relatively small volcanic islands in the Aegean Sea provide very limited onshore depositional areas (Figure 1). Such marine tephras have previously been sampled by sediment coring across the central and eastern Mediterranean at great distances from the source volcanoes. During RV Poseidon

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The Medial Offshore Record of Explosive Volcanism Along the Central to Eastern Aegean Volcanic Arc: 1. Tephrostratigraphic Correlations

Cited by 27 publications

References 116 publications

Heralds of Future Volcanism: Swarms of Microseismicity Beneath the Submarine Kolumbo Volcano Indicate Opening of Near‐Vertical Fractures Exploited by Ascending Melts

Heralds of Future Volcanism: Swarms of Microseismicity Beneath the Submarine Kolumbo Volcano Indicate Opening of Near‐Vertical Fractures Exploited by Ascending Melts

Heralds of a Future Eruption? Swarms of Microseismicity beneath the submarine Kolumbo Volcano indicate Opening of near-vertical Fractures exploited by ascending Melts

The Medial Offshore Record of Explosive Volcanism Along the Central to Eastern Aegean Volcanic Arc: 2. Tephra Ages and Volumes, Eruption Magnitudes and Marine Sedimentation Rate Variations

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